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SEKIES OF CHEONICLES AND MEMORIALS
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF
THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF H.M. TREASURY
UNDER THE DIRECTION OF
THE DEPUTY CLERK-REGISTER OF SCOTLAND
THE EXCHEQUER ROLLS OF SCOTLAND
SOLD BY
A. & C. BLACK,
DOUGLAS & FOULIS, LONGMANS & CO., , TRttBNER & CO., PARKER & CO., MACMILLAN & CO., . A. THOM & CO., .
Edinburgh.
»» London.
Oxford.
Cambridge.
Dublin.
KOTULI SCACCAEII REGUM SCOTORUM
THE EXCHEQUER ROLLS OF
SCOTLAND
EDITED BY
GEORGE BURNETT
LYON KING OF ARMS
VOL. V.
A.D. 1437—1454
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHORITY OP THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS Of
HER majesty's TREASURY, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF
THE DEPUTY CLERK-REGISTER OF SCOTLAND
H.M. GENERAL REGISTER HOUSE EDINBURGH
188 2
4
\
'■^J^'O. Ontario
I .1 ,,|_.| |i,i in~i~
PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE BY NEILL AND COMl-ANY, EDINBURGH.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
PKEFACE.
I. Scantiness of material for history of the
reign of James ii., xxxv
II. Assassins of James i. brought to justice, . xl
III. The factions and misrule of the minority of
James ii., xliv
IV. The King's marriage — Career and death of
William Earl of Douglas — John Earl of
Ross, ....... Ixxiii
V. Earls James of Douglas and Alexander of
Crawford — Siege of Blackness, . . xcii Appendix to Preface.
Old and new numbers of the Rolls, . . cxi
EXCHEQUER ROLLS.
CLXXVI. [CLXXXVIII.]— Accounts of Cus- TUMARS AND Bailies OF BuRGHS, etc., rendered at Stirling, July 1437 (fragment).
Account of —
Custumars of Montrose, 7th July 1436 to 25th July 1437, . 1
Custumars of Stirhng, 2d July 1436 to 20th July 1437, . 2 Alexander Guide, master of works of Stirling Castle, 2d
July 1436 to 28th July 1437, .... 3
Bailies of Montrose, Martinmas 1436 and Whitsunday 1437, 4
Bailies of Forfar, do. . 6
Bailies of Aberdeen, do. . 6
Bailies of Edinburgh, do. . 7
viii CONTENTS.
CLXXYII. [CLXXXIX.]— Accounts of Ballivi AD EXTRA, etc., rendered at Stirling, from 9th April to 27tli July 1437, and at Edinburgh, 16th July 1438.
Account of— PAGE
John of Fife, receiver of fermes of Kintore, Scheves, etc.,
18th July 1436 to 27th July 1437, ... 8
Robert of Levingstoun, Master of works of Linlithgow
Palace, 20th April 1436 to 9th April 1437, . . 10
Sir Thomas Boyd of Kilmarnock, Bailie and farmer of
Duchal, to 16th July 1438, . . . .11
CLXXVIII. [CXCI.] — Accounts of Custumars AND Bailies of Burghs, etc., rendered at Edinburgh, from 3rd to 21st July 1438.
Account of —
Custumars of Dundee, 25th July 1437 to 3d July 1438, . 13 Custumars of Aberdeen, 24th July 1437 to 4th July 1438, 15 Do, of woollen cloth and salmon, 6th July 1437 to 4th
July 1438, ...... 16
Custumars of Perth, 23d July 1437 to 5th July 1438, . 18
Custumar of Dunbar, 23d July 1437 to 7th July 1438, . 19 Custumars of Linlithgow, 5th July 1436 to 20tli February
1436-7, 20
Custumars of Haddington, 2d July 1436 to 25th July
1437, 22
Do. of 25th July 1437 to nth July 1438, . . . 23
Custumar of Ayr, 5th July 1436 to 12th July 1438, . 24
Custumar of woollen cloth of Edinburgh, 16th July 1435
to 20th July 1437, . , . . . 25
Custumar of Arbroath, 8th July 1436 to 12th July 1438, . 27 Custumars of North Berwick, 26th June 1436 to 12th July
1438, 28
Custumars of Edinburgh, 11th July 1436 to 14th August
1437, 29
Do. 14th August 1437 to 19th July 1438, . . 37 Do., of woollen cloth, 8th September 1437 to 19th July 1438, 38
CONTENTS, ix
Account of — PAGE
Sir Walter of Haliburton, Treasurer of Scotland, 25tli June
to 21st July 1438, ..... 39
Bailies of Dundee, Maitinmas 1437 and Whitsunday 1438, 39
Bailies of Jedburgh, do. . 40
Bailies of Perth, do. . 41
Bailies of Ayr, do. . 42
Bailies of Dumbarton, do. . 44
Collector of petty custom of Dumbarton, do. . 44
Bailies of Irvine, do. . 45
Bailies of Lanark, do. . 45
Bailies of Aberdeen, do. . 46 Bailies of Haddington, two years, . . . .48
Bailies of Edinburgh, Martinmas 1437 and Whitsunday
1438, ....... 49
Bailies of Forfar, do. 50
CLXXIX. [CXC] — Accounts of Ballivi ad extra and MoNEYER, rendered at Edinburgh, from 4th to 19th July 1438.
Account of — John of Fife, receiver of fermes of Schives, half of Fer-
martine, etc., 27th July 1437 to 4th July 1438, . 51
John Hog, manager of colliery of Tranent, "Whitsunday
1436 to Whitsunday 1438, .... 52
Adam Falconer, Chamberlain of Mar, Whitsunday 1436 to
18th July 1438, ...... 54
Thomas Cranstoun, receiver of King's rents south of the
Forth, 7th July 1436 to Whitsunday 1437, . . 61
Kobert Gray, Moneyer, 13th September 1436 to 18th July
1438, ....... 65
Trial of the pix, 19th July 1438, . . . , 67
CLXXX. [CXCII.] — Accounts of Custumars and Bailies of Burghs, rendered at Stirling, from 17th June to 9th August 1440.
Account of —
Cusluinars of Aberdeen, 4th July 1438 to 8th September
1439, 69
Do., 8th September 1439 to 17th June 1440, . 70
X CONTENTS.
Account of— ^ PAGE
Custmnars of Perth, 5tli July 1438 to 18th June 1440, 72
Custumar of Ayr, 7th November 1439 to 27th May 1440, . 74
Custumar of Dunbar, 12th July 1438 to 23d June 1440, . 74
Custimiars of Dundee, 3d July 1438 to 27th June 1440, . 75
Bailies of Perth, Whitsunday 1440 and three previous terms, 76
Sheriff of burgh of Perth, do. . 76 Bailies of Irvine, do. .77 Bailies of Dumbarton, Whitsunday 1440 and five previous
terms, .....•• 77 Bailies of Peebles, Whitsunday 1440 and seven previous
terms, ....... 77
CLXXXT. — Accounts of Chamberlain of Bute, AND MoNEYER, rendered at Stirling, llth and 13tli June 1440.
Account of —
Neil Jameson, Chamberlain of Bute and Arran, from 1436
to llth June 1440, ..... 79
Robert Gray, Money er, from 8th July 1438 to 23d June
1440, ....... 89
CLXXXII. [CXCIV.]— Accounts of Custumaes AND Bailies of Burghs, etc., and Moneyer, rendered at Stirling, from 16tli June to 6tli September 1441.
Account of — Custumars of Aberdeen, 17th June 1440 to 16th June
1441, ....... 92
John of Fife, receiver of King's rents in sheriffdom of
Aberdeen and Banff, 17th June 1440 to I7tli June
1441, ....... 93
Custumars of Dundee, 27th June 1440 to 21st August
1441, . . . . . . .96
Custumars of Haddington, llth July 1438 to 26th August
1441, .97
Custumars of North Berwick, 12th July 1438 to 26th
August 1441, ...... 98
Custumars of Perth, 18th June 1440 to 28th August
1441, 98
CONTENTS. xi
Account of— PAGE
Custumars of Dunbar, 23cl June 1440 to 28th August
1441, 99
Custumars of Arbroath, 12th July 1438 to 28th August
1441, ....... 100
Custumars of Edinburgh, 1st January 1440-1 to 2d Septem- ber 1441. . . . . . .101
Robert Gray, money er, 23d September 1440 to 2d Septem- ber 1441, . . . . . .102
Bailies of Dundee, Whitsunday 1441 and five preceding
terms, ....... 103
Bailies of Haddington, do. . 104
Bailies of Perth, Martinmas 1440 and Whitsunday 1441, . 104
Bailies of Banff, Whitsunday 1441 and nine preceding
terms, ....... 105
Sheriff of burgh of Perth, Martinmas 1440 and Whitsunday
1441, ....... 106
Bailies of Edinburgh, Whitsunday 1441 and five preceding
terms, ....... 107
CLXXXIIL [CXCIII.]— Accounts of Ballivi ad EXTRA, rendered at Stirling, 23d to SOth August 1441.
Account of —
Patrick Berclay, Bailie of Glenbervie and Kemnay, 11th
November 1440 to 23d August 1441, . . .108
William of Hay, farmer of Erole, etc., 1st May 1440 to 30th
August 1441, ...... 109
CLXXXIV. [CXCV.]— Accounts of Custumars AND Bailies of Burghs, and Moneyer, ren- dered at Stirling, 5th to 17th July 1442.
Account of —
Custumars of Dunbar, 28th August 1441 to 5th July
1442, 112
Custumars of Dundee, 21st August 1441 to 5th July 1442, . 113 Custumars of Perth, 8th August 1441 to 10th July 1442, . 114 Custumars of North Berwick, 26th August 1441 to lltli
July 1442, . .... 114
xii CONTENTS.
Account of— ^^^E
Custimicars of Montrose, 25th July 1437 to llth July
1442, .....•• 115 Custumars of Hcaddington, 26th August 1441 to 12th July •.
1442, ....... 116
Custumars of Edinburgh, 2d September 1441 to 13th July
1442, ....... 116
Custumars of Aberdeen, 16th June 1441 to I7th July
1442, 117
Eobert Gray, Moneyer, 2d September 1441 to 17th July
1442, ....... 118
Bailies of Dundee, Martinmas 1441 and Whitsunday
1442, 120
Bailies of Jedburgh, Whitsunday 1442 and seven preceding
terms, ....... 120
Bailies of Perth, Martinmas 1441 and Whitsunday 1442, . 120 Bailies of Irvine, Whitsunday 1442 and three preceding
terms, ... ... 121
Bailies of Edinburgh, Martinmas 1441 and Whitsunday
1442, ....... 121
BaiUes of Haddington, do. . 122
Bailies of Crail, Whitsunday 1442 and eleven preceding
terms, ....... 122
Bailies of Kinghorn, do. . 123
CLXXXV. [CXCVI.]— Accounts of Custumars AND Bailies of Burghs, etc., and Moneyer, rendered at Stirling, llth July to 3d August 1443.
Accounts of —
Custumars of Dunbar, 5th July 1442 to 11th July 1443, . 124
Custumars of Irvine, year ending 13th July 1443, . . 125
Custumars of Edinburgh, 18th April to 16th July 1443, . 125 Custumars of Haddington, 12th July 1442 to 18th July
1443, ....... 126
Robert Gray, Moneyer, 17th July 1442 to 19th July 1443, . 127 Custumar of Dumbarton, . . . . .128
Custumars of Perth, lOth July 1442 to 20th July 1443, . 128
Custumar of Ayr, 27th June 1440 to 22d July 1443, . 129
Custumars of Dundee, 5th July 1442 to 23d July 1443, . 130
Custumars of Montrose, 11th July 1442 to 24th July 1443, 131
CONTENTS. xiii
Account of — PAGE
Alexander Tod, Moneyer, from 18th December 1442 to
26th July 1443, . . . . . .131
Custumars of Inverkeithing, 21st July 1436 to 27th July
1443, ....... 132
Custumars of Aberdeen, 10th July 1442 to 30th July 1443, 133 John of Fife, receiver of King's rents in sheriffdoms of Aberdeen and Banff, 19th July 1442 to 31st July
1443, ....... 134
Custumars of North Berwick, 11th July 1442 to 31st July
1443, ....... 136
Bailies of Ayr, Whitsunday 1443 and nine preceding terms, 136 Bailies of Irvine, Martinmas 1442 and Whitsunday 1443, . 137 Bailies of Haddington, do. . 137 Bailies of Edinburgh, do. . 137 Bailies of Perth, do. . 138 Bailies of Kenfrew, Whitsunday 1443 and thirteen preced- ing terms, ...... 138
Bailies of Dundee, Martinmas 1442 and Whitsunday 1443, 139 Bailies of Montrose, Whitsunday 1443 and eleven pre- ceding terms, . . . . . .139
Bailies of Lanark, Whitsunday 1443 and nine preceding
terms, ....... 140
Bailies of Aberdeen, do. . 140 Sheriff of burgh of Perth, Whitsunday 1443 and three
preceding terms, ..... 142
CLXXXVI. [CXCVII.]— Accounts of Custumars AND Bailies of Burghs, and Moneyer, rendered at Stirling, 13th June to 14th July 1444.
Account of —
Custumars of North Berwick, 31st July 1443 to 13th June
1444, ....... 143
Custumars of Haddington, 18th July 1443 to 13th June 1444, ......
Custumars of Dunbar, 11th July 1443 to 15th June 1444 Custumars of Ayr, 22d July 1443 to 15th June 1444, Custumars of Irvine, 13th July 1443 to 15th June 1444, Custumars of Dumbarton, 19th July 1443 to 17th June 1444,
144 144 146 145
145
XIV
CONTENTS.
Account of- P^^E
Custiimars of Edinburgh, 16th July 1443 to 21st April 1444, 146 Do., 21st April to 17th June 1444, . . .148
Robert Gray, Moneyer, 19th July 1443 to 23d June 1444, . 151
Custumars of Dundee, 23d July 1443 to 25th June 1444, . 151
Custiunars of Montrose, 24th July 1443 to 26th June 1444, 153
Custumars of Crail, 20th June 1442 to 27th June 1444, . 154
Custumars of Aberdeen, 30th July 1443 to 27th June 154
1444, ....... 154
Custumars of Perth, 20th July 1443 to 11th July 1444, . 156 Alexander Tod, Moneyer, 26th July 1443 to 14th July
1444, ....... 157
Bailies of North Berwick, Whitsunday 1444 and fifteen
preceding terms, . . . . .157
Bailies of Haddington, Martinmas 1443 and Whitsunday
1444, . . . ... . .158
Bailies of Ayr, do. . 158
Bailies of Irvine, do. . 158
Bailies of Renfrew, do. . 158 Bailies of Peebles, Whitsunday 1444 and seven preceding
terms, ....... 159
Bailies of Crail, Whitsunday 1444 and three preceding
terms, ....... 159
Bailies of Montrose, Martinmas 1443 and Whitsunday
1444, 160
Bailies of Dundee, do. . 160
Bailies of Edinburgh, do. . 161
CLXXXVII. — Accounts of Ballivi ad extra, rendered at Stirling, 20th June to 1st July 1444.
Account of —
Neil Jameson, Chamberlain of Bute and Arran, 14th July
1142 to 20th June 1444, . . . .162
John of Fife, receiver of King's rents in sheriffdoms of Aber- deen and Banff, 31st July 1443 to 29th June 1444, . 169
Andrew Mercer, Chamberlain of earldom of Strathern, 18th
July 1442 to 1st July 1444, . . . .170
CONTENTS. XV
CLXXXVIII. [CXCVIII.]— Accounts of Custu- MARS AND Bailies of Burghs, etc., rendered at Edinburgh, 6 th July to 7th August 1445.
Account of — PAGE
Custumars of Dunbar, 15th June 1444 to 6th July 1445, . 176
Custumar of Haddington, 13th June 1444 to 6th July 1445, 177
Custumar of Ayr, 15th June 1444 to 10th July 1445, . 178
Custumars of Edinburgh, 17th June 1444 to 9th July 1445, 178 Custumars of North Berwick, 13th June 1444 to 13th July
1445, ....... 182
Custumar of Dumbarton, 5th February 1443 to 16th July
1445, ....... 182
Custumar of Inverkeithing, 27th July 1443 to 17th July
1445, ....... 183
Custumars of Montrose, 26th June 1444 to 20th July 1445, 184
Custumars of Perth, 11th July 1444 to 21st July 1445, . 185
Custumars of Aberdeen, 27th July 1444 to 24th July 1445, 187
Custumars of Cupar, 24th April 1444 to 26th July 1445, . 189
Custumars of Dundee, 25th June 1444 to 30th July 1445, . 189
Custumars of Inverness, 6th July 1436 to 4th August 1445, 191 Custumar of salmon of Aberdeen, 1st July 1444 to 6th
August 1445, . . . . . .191
Custumar of Arbroath, 27th August 1441 to 7th August
1445, 192
Baihes of Haddington, Martinmas 1444 and Whitsunday
1445, ....... 192
Bailies of Irvine, do. . 193 Bailies of Dumfries, Whitsunday 1445 and fifteen preceding
terms, ....... 193
Bailies of Ayr, Martinmas 1444 and Whitsunday 1445, . 194 Bailies of Peebles, do. .194
Bailies of North Berwick, do. . 194
Bailies of Montrose, do. , 194
Bailies of Perth, do. . 195
Bailies of Crail, do. . 195 Bailies of Aberdeen, Whitsunday 1445 and three preceding
terms, ....... 196
Bailies of Edinburgh, Martinmas 1441 and Whitsunday
1445, ....... 198
Bailies of Dundee, do. . 198 Bailies of Kinghorn, Whitsunday 1445 and seventeen
preceding terms, . . . . . 1 98
Bailies of Inverness, do. . 199
xvi CONTENTS.
CLXXXIX. [CXCIX.] — Accounts of Ballivi AD EXTRA, rendered at Edinburgh, from 6th to 26th July 1445.
Account of— PAGE
Alexander of Ogilvy of Innerquharity, baihe of Panmure,
1st May 1443 to 6th July 1445, . . .200
Patrick Lawmondsone, Coroner of Cowal, two years ending
16tli July 1445, ...... 201
Andrew Mercer, Chamberlain of earldom of Strathern, 1st
July 1444 to 19th July 1445, . . . .202
John of Fife, receiver of King's rents in sheriffdoms of
Aberdeen and Kincardine, 29th June 1444 to 25th July
1445, ....... 205
Neil Jameson, Chamberlain of Bute and Arran, 20th June
1444 to 26th July 1445, . . . .208
CXC. [CCI.] — Accounts of Custumars and Bailies of Burghs, rendered at Edinburgh, from 30th June to 28th July 1446.
Account of —
Custumar of Ayr, 10th July 1445 to 1st July 1446, . 215
Custumars of Dunbar, 6th July 1445 to 4th July 1446, . 216
Custumars of Edinburgh, 9th July 1445 to 4th July 1446, 216 Custumars of Inverkeithing, i7th July 1445 to 6th July
1446, ...... .223
Custumars of Linlithgow, 6th July 1445 to 6th July 1446, 223
Custumars of Kinghorn, entry on office to 9th July 1446, . 226
Custumars of Cupar, 26th July 1445 to 11th July 1446, . 227
Custumars of Dundee, 30th July 1445 to 11th July 1446, . 227
Custumars of Montrose, 20th July 1445 to 11th July 1446, 229
Custumars of Perth, 21st July 1445, to 13th July 1446, . 230
Custumars of Stirling, 10th July 1445 to 15th July 1446, . 231 Custumars of Haddington, 6th July 1445 to 15th July
1446, ....... 233
Custumar of Aberdeen, 24th July 1445 to 19th July 1446, 233 Custumar of Dumbarton, 16th July 1445 to 28th July
1446, ....... 235
Bailies of Peebles, Martinmas 1445 and Whitsunday 1446, 236
Bailies of Ayr, do. . 236
Bailies of Irvine, do. . 236
Bailies of Rutherglen, nine years, .... 237
CONTENTS.
xvii
Account of —
Bailies of Edinburgh, Martinmas 1445 and Whitsunday 1446, Bailies of Lanark, three years, ....
Bailies of Dumfries, Martinmas 1445 and Whitsunday 1446,
Bailies of Haddington, Bailies of Montrose, Bailies of Perth, Bailies of Crail, Bailies of Aberdeen, Bailies of Dundee, Bailies of Kingliorn, Bailies of Cupar, Bailies of Stirling, Bailies of North Berwick,
do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do.
Bailies of Renfrew, Whitsunday 1446 and three preceding terms, ......
Bailies of Dumbarton, six years.
Bailies of Jedburgh, four years.
Bailies of Linlithgow, Martinmas 1445 and Whitsunday 1446
Sheriff of burgh of Perth, do.
Bailies of Inverkeithing, do.
PAGE
237
238 238 239 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243
243 243 243 244 245 245
CXCI. [CO.] — Accounts of Bailivi ad extea, ren- dered at Edinburgh, from 8th to 20th July 1446.
Account of —
Patrick Laumondsone, Coroner of Cowal, 16th July 1445 to 8th July 1446, .....
Neil Jameson, Chamberlain of Bute and Arran, 26th July 1445 to 16th July 1446, ....
John of Fife, receiver of King's rents in sheriffdoms of Aber- deen and Banff, 25th July 1445 to 20th July 1446, .
246
249
255
CXCII. [CCITL] — Accounts of Custumars and Bailies of Burghs, and Moneyer, rendered at Edinburgh, from 20th June to 18th September 1447.
Account of — Custumars of Dunbar, 4th July 1446 to 21st Jime 1447, Custumar of Haddington, 15th July 1446 to 22d June 1447, Custumar of Irvine, 15th June 1444 to 22d June 1447,
VOL. V. h
2.^8 259 259
'>N
xviii CONTENTS.
Accoimt of— PAGE
Ciistumars of Cupar, 11th July 1446 to 28tli June 1447, . 260
Custumar of Ayr, 10th July 1446 to 30th June 1447, . 261
Custumar of Kinghorn, 9th July 1446 to 1st July 1447, . 262
Custumars of Perth, 13th July 1446 to 3d July 1447, . 262
Custumars of Dundee, 11th July 1446 to 3d July 1447, . 263
Custumars of Inverness, 4th August 1445 to 4th July 1447, 265
Custumars of Stirling, 15th July 1446 to 5th July 1447, . 266
Custumars of Linlithgow, 6th July 1446 to 5th July 1447, 267
Custumar of Inverkeithing, 6th July 1446 to 6th July 1447, 269 Custumar of imported goods and salmon at Aberdeen, 1st
November 1446 to 6th July 1447, . . .269
Custumars of Aberdeen, 19th July 1446 to 7th July 1447, 270
Custumars of Edinburgh, 4th July 1446 to 7th July 1447, 271 Custumars of North Berwick, 13th July 1445 to 12th July
1447, 276
Custumar of imported goods and salmon at Leith, Martin- mas 1445 to 15th July 1447, . . . .277 Eobert Gray, Moneyer, 18th September 1444 to 18th July
1447, " 278
Bailies of North Berwick, Martinmas 1446 and Whitsunday
1447, 279
Bailies of Kinghorn, do. . 279 Bailies of Linlithgow, do. . 279 Sheriff of burgh of Perth. do. . 280 Bailies of Ayr, do. . 280 Bailies of Irvine, do. . 280 Bailies of Peebles, do. . 281 Bailies of Eutherglen, do. . 281 Bailies of Montrose, do. . 281 Bailies of Perth, do. . 281 Bailies of Dundee, do. . 282 Bailies of Aberdeen, do. . 282 Bailies of Edinburgh, do. . 283 Bailies of Lanark, do. . 283 Bailies of Dumfries, do. . 284 Bailies of Haddington, do. . 284 Bailies of Crail, do. . 284 Bailies of Stirling, do. . 285 Bailies of Cupar, do. . 285 Bailies of Dumbarton, do. , 285 Bailies of Jedburgh, do. . 285 Bailies of Inverkeithing, do. . 286 Bailies of Inverness, Whitsunday 1447 and three preced- ing terms, 286
CONTEXTS. xix
CXCIII. [COIL] — Accounts of Ballivi ad Extra, rendered at Edinburgh, from 26th June to 10th July 1447.
Account of — PAGE
Neil Jameson, Chamberlain of Bute and Arran, 16th July
1446 to 26ai June 1447, . . . .287
Patrick Lawmonclsone, Coroner of Cowal, 8th July 1446 to
28th June 1447, . . . . .291
Sir Alexander of Montgomery, Bailie of Cuningham, 2d July
1435 to 30th June 1447, . . . .292
John of Fife, receiver of King's rents in sheriffdoms of Aber- deen and Banff, 20th July 1446 to 10th July 1447, . 295
CXCIV. [CCV.] — Accounts of Custumars and Bailies of Burghs, and Moneyer, rendered at Stirling, from 31st August to 17th September 1448.
Account of —
Custumar of Irvine, 22d July 1447 to 31st August 1448, . 297 Custumar of Dunbar, 21st June 1447 to 31st August 1448, 298 Custumars of Ayr, 30th June 1447 to 2d September 1448, . 298 Custumars of Cupar, 28th June 1447 to 5th September
1448, ....... 299
Custumars of North Berwick, 12th July 1447 to 5th
September 1448, . . . . .300
Custumars of Montrose, 13th July 1446 to 6th September
1448, ....... 300
Custumars of Perth, 3d July 1447 to 1st July 1448, . 302
Robert Gray, Moneyer, 18th July 1447 to 7th September
1448, \ . . . . . .303
Custumar of Kinghom, 1st July 1447 to 7th September
1448, ....... 303
Custumars of Linlithgow, 5th July 1447 to 6th July 1448, 304 Custumar of Haddington, 22d June 1447 to 1st July 1448, 305 Custumars of Aberdeen, 7th July 1447 to 21st July 1448, . 306 Custumar of imported goods and salmon at Aberdeen, 6th
July 1447 to 10th September 1448, . . . 307
Custumars of Edinburgh, 7th July 1447 to 4th July 1448, . 308 Custumar of Inverness, 4th July 1447 to 12th September
1448, ....... 313
XX
CONTENTS.
Account of —
Custmiiar of Inverkeitliiiig, 7th July 1447 to 6tli July
1448, ....•• Custumars of Dundee, 3d July 1447 to 3d July 1448, Custumar of Montrose, entry on office to 1st July 1448, Custumar of imported goods and salmon at Leitli, 15th
July 1447 to 16th September 1448, Custumars of Stirling, 5th July 1447 to 16th September
1448, ......
Bailies of Kinghorn, Martinmas 1447 and Whitsunday 1448
Bailies of Linlithgow,
Bailies of Ayr,
Bailies of Irvine,
Bailies of Peebles,
Bailies of Rutherglen,
Bailies of Montrose,
Bailies of Perth,
Bailies of Dundee,
Bailies of Aberdeen,
Bailies of Edinburgh,
Bailies of Lanark,
Bailies of Dumfries,
Bailies of Haddington,
Bailies of Crail,
Bailies of North Berwick,
Bailies of Cupar,
Bailies of Stirling,
Bailies of Inverkeithing,
Bailies of Inverness,
Bailies of Banff, twelv^e years,
do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do.
PAGE 314
314 315
316
317 318 319 319 319 319 320 320 320 321 321 322 323 223 323 323 324 324 324 324 325 325
CXCV. [CCIV.]— Accounts of Ballivi ad Extra,
rendered at Stirling, ISth August to 16th
September 1448.
Account of —
Gilbert Kennedy, Bailie of earldom of Carrick, entry on
office to ISth August 1448, .... Patrick Lawmondson, Coroner of Cowal, 28th June 1447 to
29th August 1448, .....
Niel Jameson, Chamberlain of Bute and Arran, 26th June
1447 to 30th August 1448, ....
John of Fife, receiver of King's rents in sheriffdoms of
Aberdeen and Banff, 10th July 1447 to 16th September
1448, .......
328
329
331
335
CONTENTS. xxi
CXCVI. [CCVII.] — Accounts of Custumars and Bailies of Burghs, rendered at Linlithgow, from 25th June to 22d July 1449.
Account of — PAGE
Gustumars of Ayr, 2d September 1448 to 30th June 1449, 336 Custumars of North Berwick, 5th September 1448 to 1st
July 1449, ...... 337
Custumars of Cupar, 5th September 1448 to 8th July 1449, 337
Custumars of Perth, 6th December 1448 to 8th July 1449, 338 Custumars of Dundee, 12th September 1448 to 10th July
1449, ....... 339
Custumars of Stirling, 16th September 1448 to 10th July
1449, !...... 340
Custumars of Montrose, 13th September 1448 to 11th July
1449, ....... 340
Custumar of Dunbar, 31st August 1448 to 15th July 1449, 341 Custumars of Aberdeen, 9th September 1448 to 16th July
1449, ....... 341
Custumar of Inverkeithing, 12th September 1448 to 17th
July 1449, . . . . . ' . 343 Custumars of Edinburgh, 11th September 1448 to 18th
July 1449, ...... 343
Custumars of Linlithgow, 9th August 1448 to 22d July 1449, 348
Bailies of Dumfries, Martinmas 1448 and Whitsunday 1449, 349
Bailies of Peebles, do. . 349 Bailies of Jedburgh, Whitsunday 1449 and three preceding
terms, ....... 349
BaiUes of Ayr, Martinmas 1448 and Whitsunday 1449, . 350
Bailies of Irvine, do. . 350
Bailies of Rutherglen, do. . 350
Bailies of Lanark, do. . 350
Bailies of Stirling do. . 351
Bailies of Haddington, do. . 351
Bailies of Edinburgh, do. . 351
Bailies of North Berwick, do. . 352
Bailies of Linlithgow, do. . 352
Bailies of Inverkeithing, do. . 352
Bailies of Kinghorn, do. . 352
Bailies of Crail, do. . 353
Bailies of Cupar, do. . 353
Bailies of Banff, do. . 353
Bailies of Perth, do. . 354
xxii CONTENTS.
Account of— PAGB Bailies of Dumbarton, Whitsunday 1449 and tliree preceding
terms, ....... 354
Bailies of Dundee, Martinmas 1448 and Whitsunday 1449, 355
Bailies of Montrose, do. . 355
CXC VII. [CCVI.] — Accounts of Ballivi ad Extra, rendered at Linlithgow, from 26th June to 23d July 1449.
Account of —
Gilbert Kennedy, Bailie of earldom of Carrick, 28th August
1448 to 26th June 1449, . . . .356
Herbert Lord Maxwell, Steward of Annandale, entry on
office to 26th June 1449, . . . .357
Patrick Lawmondson, Coroner of Cowal, 29th August 1448
to 30th June 1449, . . . . .358
Neil Jameson, Chamberlain of Bute and Arran, 30th
August 1448 to 9th July 1449, . . .359
John of Fife, receiver of King's rents in sheriffdoms of
Aberdeen and Banff, 16th September 1448 to 23d July
1449, . . . . . . .366
CXOVIII. [CCIX.] — Accounts of Custumars and Bailies of Burghs, and Moneyers, rendered at Holyrood, from 2d to 23d July, and of Comp- troller, rendered at Falkland 27th August 1450.
Account of —
Custumar of Dunbar, 15th July 1449 to 4th July 1450, . 369
Custumars of Dundee, 10th July 1449 to 12th July 1450, . 370 Custumars of Haddington, 9th September 1448 to 8th July
1450, . . . . . . .371
Custumars of North Berwick, 1 st July 1449 to 9th July 1450, 372
Custumars of Linlithgow, 22d July 1449 to 9th July 1450, 372
Custumars of Stirling, 10th July 1449 to 9th July 1450, . 373 Custumar of Kinghorn, 7th September 1448 to 10th July
1450, 374
Custumar of In verkei thing, I7th July 1449 to 10th July
1450, 375
CONTENTS.
XXIU
Account of —
Custumars of Cupar, 8th July 1449 to 10th July 1450, Custumars of Ayr, 30th June 1449 to 11th July 1450, Custumar of Crail, 27th June 1444 to 13th July 1450, Custumars of Perth, 8th July 1449 to 13th July 1450, Custumars of Montrose, 11th February 1449 to 14th July
1450,
Custumar of Montrose, last Exchequer to 11th February
1449, .......
Custumar of Arbroath, 4th July 1447 to 15th July 1450, . Custumar of Inverness, 12th September 1448 to 17th July
1450, .......
Custumar of imported goodsj and salmon at Aberdeen, 10th
September 1448 to 19th July 1450,
Custumars of Edinburgh, 18th July 1449 to 2nd July 1450,
Kobert Gray and John of Dalrymple, senior, Moneyers, 7th September 1448 to 21st July 1450,
Custumars of Aberdeen, 16th July 1449 to 23d July 1450,
Alexander Napai?e, Comptroller, 24th September 1449 to 27th August 1450, ....
Bailies of Peebles, Martinmas 1449 and Whitsunday 1450,
Bailies of Jedburgh, do.
Bailies of Ayr, do.
Bailies of Irvine, do.
Bailies of Kutherglen, do.
Bailies of Stirling, do.
Bailies of Linlithgow, do.
Bailies of Edinburgh, do.
Bailies of Haddington, do.
Bailies of Selkirk, fifteen years,
Bailies of North Berwick, Martinmas 1449 and Whitsun day 1450, .....
Bailies of Inverkeithing, do.
Bailies of Kinghom, do.
Bailies of Crail, do.
Bailies of Cupar, do.
Bailies of Perth, do.
Bailies of Dundee, do.
Bailies of Montrose, do.
Bailies of Aberdeen, Whitsunday 1450 and three preced- ing terms, .....
Bailies of Banff, Martinmas 1449 and Wliitsunday 1450,
Bailies of Inverness, Whitsunday 1450 and three preceding terms, .......
PAGE
375 376 377 377
378
379 379
379
380 380
388 389
390 397 397 398 398 398 398 399 399 400 400
400 401 401 401 402 402 402 403
403 404
404
XXIV
CONTENTS.
CXCIX. [CCVIII.]— Accounts of Ballivi ad EXTRA, rendered afc Holyrood, from 3d to 17tli July, and at Stirling 9tli September 1450.
Account of— PAGE
Neil Jameson, Chamberlain of Bute and Arran, 9th July
1449 to 3d July 1450, . . . . .406
Patrick Lawmondson, Coroner of Cowal, 30th June 1449
to 6th July 1450, . . . . .413
Alexander Lord Montgomery, Bailie of barony of Kilbride,
20th June 1449 to 7 th July 1450, . . .414
Robert Duncanson, Bailie of earldom of Athole, 20th
October 1439 to 8th July 1450, . . .415
Sir David of Moray of Tullibardine, Bailie of earldom of Strathern, 24th September 1449 to 9th September 1450, . . . . . . .417
CC. [CCXL] — Accounts of Custumars and Bailies of Burghs, rendered at Edinburgh, from 7th to 29th July 1451.
Account of —
Custumar of Dunbar, 4th July 1450 to 7th July 1451, . 420
Custumar of Inverness, 7th July 1450 to 7th July 1451, . 421 Custumars of North Berwick, 9th July 1450 to 8th July
1451, . . . . . . .421
Custumar of Dumbarton, Michaelmas 1450 to 8th July 1451, 422
Custumars of Haddington, 8th July 1450 to 9th July 1451, 423
Custumars of Dundee, 12th July 1450 to 9th July 1451, . 424
Precept in favour of Patrick Lyndesay, . . .425
Account of —
Custumars of Perth, 13th July 1550 to 12th July 1451, . 425
Custumars of Cupar, 10th July 1450 to 12th July 1451, . 426
Custumars of Linlithgow, 9th July 1450 to 13th July 1451, 427
Custumar of Irvine, 31st August 1448 to 13th July 1451, . 428 Custumar of Inverkeithing, 10th July 1450 to 14th July
1451, . 429
Custumars of Banff, Michaelmas 1450 to 15th July 1451, . 429
Custumars of Stirling, 9th July 1450 to 15th July 1451, . 430
Custumars of Montrose, 14th July 1450 to I7th July 1451, 431
Custumars of Aberdeen, 23d July 1450 to 20th July 1451, 431 Custumar of goods imported and salmon at Aberdeen, 9th
July 1450 to 22d July 1451, . . . .433
CONTENTS. XXV
Account of — PAGE
Custiimar of Crail, 13th July 1450 to 24tli July 1451, . 433
Custuniars of Edinburgh, 21st July 1450 to 27th July 1451, 434
Bailie^ of Eenfrew, five years, .... 440
Bailies of Selkirk, Martinmas 1450 and Whitsunday 1451, 440 Bailies of Rutherglen, do. .441 Bailies of Inverness, do. . 441 Bailies of Dumbarton, Whitsunday 1451 and three preced- ing terms, ...... 442
Bailies of Peebles, Martinmas 1450 and Whitsunday 1451, 442 Bailies of Dumfries, Whitsunday 1451 and three preceding terms, ......
Bailies of Ayr, Martinmas 1450 and Whitsunday 1451, * Bailies of Stirling, do.
'&>
442 443 443 443 443 444 444 444 445 445 446 446 447
Bailies of Haddington, do.
Bailies of Montrose, do.
Bailies of Cupar, do.
Bailies of Edinburgh, do.
Bailies of Crail, do.
Bailies of Aberdeen, do.
Bailies of Dundee, do.
Bailies of North Berwick, do.
Bailies of Banff, do.
Bailies of Inverkeithing, do.
Bailies of Lanark, Whitsunday 1451 and three preceding
terms, ....... 447
CCI. [OCX.] Accounts of Ballivi ad extra, rendered at Edinburgh, from 9th to 28th July 1451.
Account of —
William of Niddry, Mair of fee of lordship of Brechin and
barony of Navar, 8th July 1450 to 9th July 1451, . 448
Neil Jameson, Chamberlain of Bute and Arran, 3d July
1450 to 10th July 1451, . . . .450
John Lawmondson, Bailie of Cowal, 6th July 1450 to 12th
July 1451, ...... 455
James Clerkson, receiver of rents in sheriffdom of Linlith- gow, Michaelmas 1450 to 14th July 1451, . . 456
John Weir, Master of works of LinUthgow Palace, 1st
October 1449 to 12th July 1451, . . .458
Master Richard of Forbes, Chamberlain of earldom of Mar,
etc., Michaelmas 1450 to 19th July 1451, . . 459
XXVI
CONTENTS.
Account of— PAGE
James Patonson, girnalman and receiver of rents of earl- dom of Fife, 9tli September 1450 to 20tli July 1451, . 466
Sir Thomas Tawis, Chamberlain of earldom of Menteith,
30th August 1450 to 15th July 1451, . . .474
John Hatlee, receiver of rents of lordship of Strathurd,
23d August 1450 to 22d July 1451, . . .488
Robert Walterson, receiver of rents of Methven, Strath- braun, Apnadull, Forthirgill, Glenlyon, Deschere, Tower, and Rannoch, 23d August 1450 to 21st July
1451, .,.,.,. 481 Patrick of Hepburn of Hales, Steward of earldom of
March, Whitsunday 1450 to 28th July 1451, . . 486
ecu. [CCXIII.] — Accounts of Custumars and Bailies of Burghs, rendered at Stirling, from 24th November to 9th December 1452.
Account of —
Custumars of Ayr, to 1st May 1452, . . . 491
Oustumars of Inverkeithing, 14th July 1451 to 28th
November 1452, ...... 492
Custiimars of Haddington, 9th July 1451 to 28th
November 1452, ...... 492
Custumars of North Berwick, 8th July 1451 to 28th
November 1452, ..... 494
Custumars of Cupar, 12th July 1451 to 29th November
1452, ....... 494
Custumars of Perth, 12th July 1451 to 1st December 1452, 495 Custumars of Edinburgh, 26th July 1451 to 7th December
1452, ....... 496
Custumar of imported malt at Leith, to 8th December
1452, ....... 503
Custumars of Linlithgow, 13th July 1451 to 8th December
1452, ....... 503
Custumar of woollen cloth of Linhthgow, 8th February
1451 to 10th December 1452, . . . .505
Custumar of Dunbar, 7th July 1451 to 9th December 1452, 506 Custumars of Stirling, 15th July 1451 to 14th December
1452, ....... 506
Custumar of Kinghorn, 10th July 1450 to 7th December
1452, . 507
Custumars of Aberdeen, 20th July 1451 to 9th December
1452, ....... 508
CONTENTS. xxvii
Account of — PAGE
Bailies of Dumfries, Martinmas 1451 and Whitsunday and
Martinmas 1452, ..... 509
Bailies of Irvine^ five terms, . . . .510
Bailies of Edinburgh, Martinmas 1451 and Whitsunday and
Martinmas 1452, ..... 510
Bailies of Peebles, do. .511
Bailies of Ayr, do. .511
Bailies of Rutherglen, do. .511
Bailies of Renfrew, do. .511
Bailies of Inverkeithing, do. .512
Bailies of Cupar, do. . 512
Bailies of Perth, five terms, . . . . .512
Bailies of Montrose, Martinmas 1451 and Whitsunday and
Martinmas 1452, . . . . .513
Bailies of Haddington, do. . 513
Bailies of Stirling, do. . 514
Bailies of Kinghorn, 5 terms. . . . .514
CCIII. [CCXII.]— Accounts of Ballivi ad extra,
rendered at Stirling, from 25tli November 1452
to 19th April 1453.
Account of —
Master Richard Forbes, Chamberlain of Mar, etc., 19th
July 1451 to 25th November 1452, . . .515
Herbert Lord Maxwel, Steward of Annandale, 26th June
1449 to 25th November 1452, . . . .520
Gilbert of Kennedy, Bailie of earldom of Carrick, 16th
July 1450 to 4th December 1452, ... .522
William of Niddry, Mair of fee of lordship of Brechin and
barony of Navar, 9th July 1451 to 14th December
1452, ....... 523
James Patersoune, gimalman and receiver of rents of earl- dom of Fife, 20th July 1451 to 13th April 1453, . 526
Robert Watsone, Mair and receiver of rents of Methven, Strathbraun, ApnadulljForthirgill, Glenlyon, Deschere, Tower, and Rannoch, from 21st July 1451 to 18th April
1453, ....... 539
John Hatele, Mair and receiver of rents of lordship of
Strathurd, from 22d July 1451 to 16th April 1453, . 642 James Clerksone, King's Sergeant in sherift'dom of Linlith- gow, from 14th July 1451 to 18th April 1453, . 544 Thomas Tempilman, of receipts and expenses in sheriflfdom
of Edinburgh, ...... 546
XXVIU
CONTENTS
CCIV. [CCXVI.]— Accounts of Custumars and Bailies of Burghs, and Moneyer, rendered at Stirling, Edinburgh, and Aberdeen, from 5th June to 4th August 1453.
Account of — PAGE
Custumars of Dunbar, 9th December 1452 to 7th June
1453, ....... 549
Custumars of Inverkeithing, 28th November 1452 to 12th
June 1453, ...... 550
Custumars of Edinburgh, 7th December 1452 to 15th June
1453, ....... 550
Custumar of English malt at Leith, 8th December 1452
to 16th June 1453, . . . . .553
Custumars of Haddington, 28th November 1452 to 16th
June 1453, ...... 553
Custumars of North Berwick, 18th November 1452 to 16th
June 1453, ...... 554
Custumars of Cupar, 29th November 1452 to 18th June
1453, ....... 554
Custumars of Perth, 1st December 1452 to 19th June 1453, 554 Custumars of Linlithgow, 8th December 1452 to 19th June
1453, ....... 555
Custumar of woollen cloth of Linlithgow, 10th December
1452 to 19th June 1453, . . . .556
John Laundalis, Moneyer, I7th May 1452 to 19th June
1453, ....... 556
Custumars of Stirling, 14th December 1452 to 21st June
1453, . . . . . . .557
Custumars of Dundee, 9th July 1451 to 31st July 1453, . 558
Custumars of Montrose, l7th July 1451 to 2d August 1453, 559 Custumars of Aberdeen, 9th December 1452 to 3d August
1453, ....... 560
Bailies of Dumfries, Whitsunday 1453, . . . 561 Bailies of Irvine, do. . . . .561
Bailies of Dumbarton, four terms, . . . .562
Bailies of Ayr, Whitsunday 1453, .... 562
Bailies of Eutherglen, do. .... 562
Bailies of Inverkeithing, do. ... . 563
Bailies of Renfrew, do. ... . 563
Bailies of Peebles, do. ... . 563
Bailies of Haddington, do. ... . 563
Bailies of Edinburgh, do. . . . 563
Bailies of North Berwick, four terms, . 564
CONTENTS.
XXIX
Account of —
Bailies of Perth, Whitsunday 1453,
Bailies of Stirling, do
Bailies of Crail, four terms,
Bailies of Lanark, do.
Bailies of Dundee, do.
Bailies of Aberdeen, do.
Bailies of Forfar, Martinmas 1452 and Whitsunday
Bailies of Montrose, Whitsunday 1453,
Bailies of Banff, four terms, .
1453,
CCY. [CCXV.] — Accounts of Ballivi ad extra, AND Comptroller, rendered at Stirling, Edin- burgh, and Aberdeen, from 7th June to 16tli October 1453.
PAGE
564 565 565 566 566 567 568 568 569
Account of —
Gilbert Kennedy, Bailie of earldom of Carrick, 4th Decem- ber 1452 to 7th June 1453, . . . . 570
Niel Jamysoun, Chamberlain of Bute, 10th July 1451 to
9th June 1453, . . . . . .571
Simon Salman, Mair of earldom of March, 1st April 1451
to 14th June 1453, . . . . .579
Patrick Cumray, Mair of earldom of Strathern, 9th
September 1450 to 15th June 1452, . . . 583
James Clercsone, King's Sergeant in sheriffdom of Linlith- gow, 18th April 1452 to 19th June 1453, . . 586
John Darach, receiver of King's rents in sheriffdom of
of Stirling, 1st April to 25th June 1453, . . 588
Thomas Tempilman, receiver of King's rents in sheriffdom
of Edinburgh, 19th April 1452 to 26th June 1453, . 589
Kobert of Moray, receiver of rents of earldom of Strathern,
1st October 1452 to 27th June 1453, . . .590
Sir Thomas Tawis, Chamberlain of earldom of Menteith,
15th July 1451 to 28th June 1453, . . .592
Master Kichard Forbas, receiver of rents of earldom of Mar,
25th November 1452 to 6th August 1453, . . 598
William Nudre, receiver of rents of sheriffdom of Forfar,
14th December 1452 to 15th October 1453, . . 601
John Hatle, mair and receiver of rents of lordship of
Strathurd, 16th April to 16th October 1453, . . 602
Master George of Schoriswod, acting for Alexander of Nairn of Sandfurde, Comptroller, 21st April 1452 to 2d July 1453, ...... 604
XXX
CONTENTS.
CCVI. [CCXVIIL] — Accounts of Custumars and Bailies of Bueghs, rendered at Edinburgh, 1st to 22d July 1454,
Account of — PAGE
Custumars of Edinburgh, 15tli June 1453 to 1st July 1454, 609
Grant of pension to Simon Huddoune, . . . 612 Account of —
Custumar of woollen cloth of Edinburgh, and of malt of
Leith, 6th June 1453 to 6th July 1454, . . 617
Custumars of Dunbar, 7th June 1453 to 6th July 1454, . 619 Custumars of North Berwick, 16th June 1453 to 7th July
1454, ....... 620
Custumars of Stirling, 21st July 1453 to 8th July 1454, . 620
Custumars of Linlithgow, 19th June 1453 to 9th July 1454, 622 Custumars of woollen cloth of Linlithgow, 19th June 1453
to 9th July 1454, . . . . .623
Custumars of Cupar, 18th June 1453 to 10th July 1454, . 624
Custumars of Perth, 19th June 1453 to 11th July 1454, . 625
Custumars of Haddington, 16th July 1453 to 9th July 1454, 626
Custumars of Ayr, 24th November 1452 to 12th July 1454, 627
Custumars of Dundee, 31st July 1453 to 13th July 1454, . 628 Custumars of Inverkeithing, 12th June 1453 to 13th July
1454, .... . . 629
Custumars of Aberdeen, 3d August 1453 to 17th July 1454, 629
Custumars of Inverness, 7th July 1451 to 19th July 1454, 630
Custumar of Dumbarton, 8th July 1451 to 21st July 1454, 631
Custumar of Irvine, 13th July 1451 to 21st July 1454, . 632
Bailies of Dumfries, Martinmas 1453 and Whitsunday 1454, 632 Bailies of Kinghorn, Whitsunday and Martinmas 1453 and
Whitsunday 1454, . . . . .632
Bailies of Ayr, Martinmas 1453 and Whitsunday 1454, . 633
Bailies of Dumbarton, do. . 633
Bailies of Irvine, do. . 633
Bailies of Dundee, do. . 633
Bailies of Peebles, do. . 634
Bailies of Haddington, do. . 634
Bailies of Linlithgow, four years, .... 635
Bailies of Edinburgh, Martinmas 1453 and Whitsunday 1454, 635 Bailies of Cupar, Whitsunday and Martinmas 1453 and
Whitsunday 1454, ..... 635
Bailies of Stirling, Martinmas 1453 and Whitsunday 1454, 636
Bailies of Perth, do. . 636
Bailies of Kenfrew, do. . 637
CONTENTS. xxxi
Account of — PAGE
Bailies of Montrose, do. . 637
Bailies of Forfar, do. . 637
Bailies of Inverkeithing, do. . 637
Bailies of Lanark, do. . 637
Bailies of Aberdeen, do. . 638
Bailies of Inverness, three years, .... 639
Bailies of Banff, Martinmas 1453 and Whitsunday 1454, . 640
Bailies of Crail, do. . 640
CCVII. [CCXVII.]— Accounts of Ballivi ad EXTRA, rendered at Edinburgh and Stirling, 5th July to 3d August 1454.
Account of
Simon Sahnoun, Mair of earldom of March, 14th June
1453 to 5th July 1454, . . . .641
James Clerksoune, King's Sergeant in sheriffdom of Linlith- gow, 9th June 1453 to 12th July 1454, . . .647
Robert Watsoune, Mair and receiver of rents of Methven, Appnadul, Fertirgil, Glenlyoune, Deschier, Twoier, and Rannach, 21st July 1451 to 13th July 1454, . . 650
Sir Alexander Yhoung, Chamberlain north of Dee (Mar,
etc.), 6th August 1453 to 15th July 1454, . . 652
"William of Moray of Tulybardyn, Steward of Strathern,
27th June 1453 to 16th July 1454, . . .659
Neil Jameson, Chamberlain of Bute and Afran, 9th June
1453 to 16th July 1454, . . . .663
John Lawmondsoune, Baihe of Cowal, 12th July 1451 to
22d July 1454, . . . . . .666
Robert Lord Maxwel, Steward of Annandale, 25th Novem- ber 1452 to 23d July 1454, . . . .668
John Hatle, Mair of Strathurd, 16th October 1453 to 26th
July 1454, ...... 671
Sir Thomas Tawys, Chamberlain of Menteith, 28th June
1453 to 1st August 1454, . . . .672
Gilbert Kenedy, Bailie of earldom of Carrick, 7th June
1453 to 24th July 1454, . . . .678
James Patonsoune, girnalman and receiver of rents of earl- dom of Fife, 13th April 1453 to 3d August 1454, . 679
INDEX, 693
PKEFACE.
VOL. V,
PEE FACE.
I.
The present volume contains the Scottish Ex- chequer accounts from the accession of James ii. to August 1454, a period of seventeen years and a half, during which we have seventeen audits. The place of audit was generally Stirling or Edinburgh ; in one instance Linlithgow. The Exchequer of 1450 bears to have been held in the monastery of Holyrood at Edinburgh; in 1453 some few of the accounts are audited at Aberdeen.
The roll with which the volume commences is a fragment ; but, with this exception, the accounts of the custumars and bailies of the burghs are com- plete. There are two accounts of the Comptroller, and a portion of an account of the Treasurer ; but the accounts of the Great Chamberlain cease. There are several moneyers' accounts, and a series of accounts of ballivi ad extra or manaorers of the crown lands, which becomes both more perfect and more important as the volume advances. None of the sheriffs' accounts of the period have been pre- served to us.
xxxvi PEEFACE.
The reign of James ii. cannot be called an un- eventful time, whether we look at the vicissitudes of the King's minority, the growth of the influence of the Earls of Douglas, or the means by which the King compassed and achieved the destruction of that family just as they had attained the zenith of their power. Yet this reign has been justly con- sidered one of the obscurest periods of Scottish history. The '' Scotichronicon " closes with the murder of James i. ; and the available authentic materials to bridge over the gap between that event and the accession of James iii. are of a very scanty description. They may be shortly enumer- ated as follows.
We have first an unknown continuator of Bower, who sums up the occurrences of the reign in two pages. ^
More important is the " Addicioun of Scottis CronikJis and Deedes,'^ forming part of a manu- script of miscellaneous transcriptions in prose and verse in the handwriting of one John Asloan, a procurator in Edinburgh in the beginning of the sixteenth century, and known as the Asloan MS., or, from its having come into the possession of the Boswell family, the " Auchinleck Chronicle." The historical entries bear every indication of having been copied from some contemporary chronicle, more complete than any that we now possess.
^ Scotichronicon, ii. pp. 514-516.
PREFACE.
XXXVll
Their order is not strictly chronological, particu- larly towards the close, where there are additions apparently from a different source and partly of an obituary character. The dates, though they can in many cases be proved to be right, are not invari- ably so. This chronicle was privately printed under the editorship of the late Mr. Thomas Thom- son in 1818, in a small volume, whose contents consist first of the entries in the manuscript in their original order, and, secondly, of the same arranged in probable order of date.-^ Notes and illustrations were to have been added, but the accomplished editor unfortunately left his inten- tion in this matter unfulfilled.
In a small volume in the Edinburgh University Library, containing miscellaneous matter, printed and written,, is a manuscript abridgment of the " Scotichronicon," with a continuation beyond the death of James i., transcribed from an earlier manuscript about the year 1521, by John Law, canon of St. Andrews. In it there are a few para- graphs of matter not found elsewhere, of which one has been printed by Mr. Tytler,^ and another is made use of in this preface.^
In the " Extracta e variis Cronicis Scocie/'
^ In tlio light of the Exchequer Rolls and other documents now more accessible than they were sixty years ago, the present editor has, as will be seen below, been in some cases led to form conclusions at vari-
ance with those of Mr. Thomson as to the dates of particular entries.
' Tytler's History of Scotland, vol. iv. p. 145 (2nd edition).
^ Page Ixxxv.
xxxviii PEEFACE.
printed by the late Mr. W. B. D. D. TurnbuU from a manuscript of the sixteenth century, is a brief chronicle of the reign of James ii., containing little matter not included in the sources already men- tioned, except a notice of James Kennedy, Bishop of Dunkeld. A few additions in the vernacular, ascribed to Sir William Sinclair and printed in footnotes, are almost verbatim identical with pas- sages in the Asloan ms.
The account of this reign by John Major, who wrote in 1521, is much briefer than could be desired.
The chroniclers who have been adverted to, if meagre in their information, are at least not in- tentionally untruthful, and their statements are entitled to more or less weight : the same cannot be said of the writers who succeeded them.
Hector Boece ended the first edition of his His- tory of Scotland with the death of James i. ; but a continuation to the death of James ii., though not published till after the author's death, was in cir- culation in manuscript in his lifetime. Dealing with a period removed by but two generations from his own time, he had yet no thought of adhering to historical truth, but obviously aimed only at constructing a historical romance, in which the events and characters of the time should be grouped and dressed up in a picturesque and artistic fashion, and poetical justice administered among them. His work however was unfortunately accepted as history, and referred to as an authority
PREFACE. xxxix
by the writers who succeeded him. Lindsay of Pitscottie's account of this reign is, almost from beginning to end, a translation of Boece. Buchanan, Bishop Leslie, and Drummond of Hawthornden, give us little but Boece abridged, reproducing his most glaring errors of chronology and fact. Hume of Godscroft, though producing occasionally a legend or tradition preserved in the Douglas family, takes his facts in the main from Boece, and dresses them in such colours as he might expect to be pleasing to his patrons.
Pinkerton, writing before the Asloan MS. had been brought to light, endeavoured as best he could to correct Boece by such information as he could get from the Acts of Parliament, the Register of the Great Seal, and French sources. Tytler, while he makes considerable use of the Asloan ms., has occasionally been misdirected to some extent by the ignis fatuus which led astray his predecessors.
Amid the prevailing dearth of the ordinary sources of information, the Exchequer accounts in this volume and that which is to succeed it have a special value. If they do not enable us to write such a history of this reign as might be desired, they at least furnish a considerable amount of material for that purpose, providing us with new facts, and not unfrequently settling obscure points, explaining the order of events, and recti- fying the current chronology.
In the remarks that follow it is the editor's
xl PEEFACE.
purpose to recapitulate concisely the leading incidents of the period included in this volume, so fiir as they are known to us, directing attention to the new light thrown on some of them by the Exchequer rolls and other records. More general topics suggested by the Exchequer accounts are reserved for the Introduction to the next volume, which will contain the rolls of the remaining six years of the reign of James iii.
11.
Notwithstanding the jealousy with which the policy of James i. in breaking up and annexing the feudal earldoms must have been viewed by the greater nobles, it would be a misrepresentation of facts to describe the assassination of the King as the outcome of this feeling. The conspiracy against James was essentially a dynastic plot, an attempt to vindicate the rights of the second family of Eobert ii. as against the first ; and its real head was one on whom the King had heaped repeated benefits, his uncle, Walter Earl of Athole.
In point of fact the dastardly deed committed in the Dominican monastery of Perth aroused the indignation of the whole country, from the highest nobility down to the peasantry ; and the murderers were pursued and brought to justice with all speed. One of them was slain, and another wounded on the spot by Sir David Dunbar of Cockburn, who, though brother of the Earl of March who had
I^EEFACE.
xli
received such harsh treatment at James's hands, was the first to arrive to the rescue/ The rest escaped for the moment ; but before the expiry of a month they had been captured, tried, and put to death : while, in respect of the enormity of their crime, unusual additions were made to the always revolt- ing adjuncts of executions for treason. Robert Stewart, the grandson of Athole, and his associate, Christopher Chalmer. after being dragged through the streets of Edinburgh, Stewart attached to a cross, and both undergoing new and ingeniously devised tortures, were beheaded in the market- place, their quarters distributed over the country, and their heads set on the gates of Perth. ^ Athole, who was soon afterwards apprehended by William Earl of Angus, also suffered in Edinburgh, the mode of his execution indicating how closely the general belief connected the crime that had been committed with his pretensions to the throne in respect of the supposed superior legitimacy of the second family of Robert ii. Tied, we are told, to a post, and crowned with a paper diadem, he was decapitated ; and his head was fixed on a spear and encircled with an iron crown. Graham, the most prominent actor, and some of the rest, were followed
1 James ii. afterwards bestowed on him the lands of Auchtermonzie and Cairnie, wliich j)assed to his daughter and heir who married Alexander fourth Earl of Crawford. — Crawford Peerage Case, p. 54.
2 The customs account of Ayr of 1438 contains a payment of lis. for the carriage of a quarter of Robert Stewart, traitor, from Edinburgh to Ayr. — Page 25.
xlii
PKEFACE.
to the fastnesses of tlie Highlands, and arrested by John Stewart Gorme of Athole and Eobert Duncanson, ancestor of the Eobertsons of Strowan. The account of the Chamberlain of Athole from 1436 to 1438 contains an entry of £66, 13s. 4d. paid '* Johanni Stewart Gorme pro arrestacione Eoberti Grahaam, traditoris, et suorum com- plicum." ^ Eobert Duncanson of Strowan had on 15th August 1451 a crow^n charter erecting his lands of Strowan and others into a barony, for the love and favour borne towards him by the King for the arrest of Eobert Graham, and his zeal and labour about his capture.^ Graham was executed at Stirling. Defiant to the last, he bore the compli- cated torments inflcted on him with great firmness, vindicating his crime on the ground that he had first renounced his allegiance to his sovereign.
^ Page 55. John Stewart Gorme is mentioned in the accounts of the Chamberlain of Mar as occupying the lands of Cormuly, Koquharkery, Gleneglis, and Abergeldy, in Mar (pages 57, 61). Six years later, on 24th June 1443, he met his death in the North Inch of Perth when endeavouring to rescue a thief who was being brought to justice by Sir William Ruthven the sheriff, Ruth- ven being also slain (Asloan MS. pp. 4, 35). From his being called " of Athole " he would seem to have been a grandson of Alexander Stewart Earl of Buchan ; while his designation in the Chronicle of Fortingall as " John Gorme M 'James " (Black Book of Tay- mouth, p. 112), suggests that his
father was James, natural son of the * * Wolf of Badenach. " Nevertheless he was not identical with John Stewart of Fortingall, whose death is chronicled of a different date in the record last quoted. Perhaps John Stewart of Fortingall ought rather to be identified with John Stewart son of Duncan, whose name appears in the Mar account in close conjunction with that of John Stewart Gorme. (page 61). Th e husban d of the heiress of Fortingall (and father of John Stewart of Fortingall) is called Dun- can son of the ' ' Wolf of Badenach " in Colonel Robertson's ''Earldom of Athole " (p. 27), the editor is not aware on what evidence. 2 Reg. Mag. Sig., 1. iv. no. 227.
PREFACE.
A charter of Lawers by James iii. to Sir Colin Campbell of Glenorchy bore to be granted in re- ward for his arrest of Thomas Chalraer, one of the murderers of King James i.^
James i. was buried in the church of the Carthusian Convent at Perth, of which he had been the founder. A payment of £30 is to be found in the customs account for twenty "vangis" or "wawis" of Spanish iron delivered to Friar John of Bute, a Cistercian whose name often appears in connection with this convent — " pro apparatu fabricando pro conservacione sepulcri domini nostri regis in ecclesia Cartusiensi prope Perth, in circuitu ejusdem sepulcri" ; ^ and £48, 12s. 5d. are allowed to one of the custumars of Perth for outlay " circa fabricam tumbe dicti domini nostri regis in operc fabrili, circa clausuram, pic- turam, et alia requisita pro eadem " on the attesta- tion of the prior of the convent and the same Friar John of Bute.^ 50s. were allowed for candles of white wax for masses said for the soul of the late King in the parish church of Edinburgh.*
Coi:? temporary chroniclers and later historians have alike left untold the fact, that the heart of
^ See narrative in (charter of James ' is in the British Museum, and has V. to James Campbell Oi" Zo-vers, of been printed in Pinkerton's History date 16th June 1525. Reg. M ag. Sig., I of Scotland, in the '* Miscellanea 1. XX. no. 151. The full contempo- Sootica," vol. ii., and in "The Life rary account of the death of James i. and Death of James i. of Scotland " and punishment of the murderers, (Maitland Club), which has furnished most of the ^ Page 34. • Page 73. * Page 27. details given by htter historians,
xliv PEEFACE.
James i., like that of liis great ancestor the Bruce, was removed from his body before interment, and carried on a pilgrimage to the East. But the rolls inform us of the arrival in Scotland, about 1443, of a Knight of St. John, bearing from Ehodes the heart of King James, which was presented and exhibited to the Carthusian monks of Perth, no mention, however, being made of its place of final deposit. To the military knight who came on this errand £90 were paid from the customs of Edinburgh,^ and £1 towards his expenses from the customs of Perth.^
Ill
James i. had more than once required the Scottish magnates to take the oath of allegiance to his Queen ; ^ and it was perhaps in accordance with his formally expressed wish that the custody of his son was placed in her hands. It was also in the Queen's name that the pursuit of her husband's murderers was undertaken. Queen Joan and her children escaped without delay from the dangerous neighbourhood of the Highlands to Edinb^ttrgh Castle, and the Abbey of Holyrood \iad to be substituted for the time-honoured locale of Scone as the scene of the coronation. On the 25th of March 1437, then accounted the first day of the year, a Parliament was convo^ked at Edinburgh,
1 Page 179.
2 Page 156.
^ Acts of the Parliaments of Scot- land, ii. pp. 17, 23.
PEEFACE. xlv
part of whose proceedings was placing the crown on the head of the King, now in his seventh year, who was brought for that purpose from the Castle to Holyrood, " cum maximo applausu et apparatu ad laudem Dei et leticiam tocius populi."^ The custumars of Haddington are credited with £134, 3s. 4d., paid by them to Sir William Crichton, keeper of Edinburgh Castle, for the coronation expenses ;" £100 are paid on Crichton's receipt from the customs of Edinburgh towards the same object, the Queen, it as said, being then in the Castle with her household ; and the custumars of Edinburgh are allowed sums amounting altogether to £153 for wheat, Hamburgh ale, Greek wine, and red wine furnished on the same occasion to Crichton,^ who besides received £50 from the colliery of Tranent (then in ward) for the coronation expenses. "^ A feather mattress and pillow for the King, costing £6, 5s., were sent to Edinburgh Castle ;^ and the defences ^"^ Edinburo^h Castle were strens^thened by (^V>se 1 -p ^■'^^i^^^ iron.^ As five weeks had not mK^ >*,.o r-»/^^^ the ghastly scene enacted at the 4\nd tV^'^ ' '^^ hnvent at Perth, it almost surprises us ot\} '^ "^ '^^^ service of Martin Vanartync and
/^om ptions 2-players whom the late King- had ixo^y ir . , -
3 anecteilanders^ were brought into requisi-
^^l^^'^amdoience,-
^^.^.tlii exercise Ofanients of Scot- 4pj,„e53
3 Page 36,
° Page 26. « Page 36. 7 Vol. iv. page 678.
xlvi
PEEFACE.
tion, for which £8 were paid them from the customs of Edinburgh, by order of the Queen and Council.^
Hardly any records of this Parliament remain ; but the records of the Parliament of 1439 inform us that the Queen was at this time entrusted with, or confirmed in, the custody of the King and the guardianship of his four unmarried sisters.^ It must also have been this Parliament, perhaps in implement of the will of the late King, that con- ferred the office of Eegent or King's Lieutenant on Archibald Earl of Douglas, who on his mother's side was nephew of James i. Two payments occur to Douglas in part of salary in that character, one of them applicable to the year 1437.^
It may be presumed that the proceedings of this Parliament further included the appointment of an embassy to negotiate for the continuance of a truce with England. On 18th September 1437 the English Government granted a safe-conduct to John Cameron Bishop of Glasgow, Alexander Seton Lord Gordon, Sir "Walter Ogih ^^' ^.^ Bit John Forrester, as ambassadors of t _, _ of
Scots ;* but the ambassadors who acti
) 2^r Yfv;-
&
^^%n -
com
England were Lord Gordon, Lord 1
John Methven, Provost of Linclud^^' ^® ^
Secretary, and John Vaus.^ A tru * ' ^*.
by them with the King of England's ^/ ^ *
^ ^ ^ Vat Edinburgh
1 Page 35.
* Acts of the Parliaments of Scot- land, ii. p. 54.
3 Pages 12, 13t
* Kotuli Scotise, ixlia^T^ ii -f *^"'
' Rotuli Scotife, ii. pp. 307, 310.
PREFACE. xlvii
to last for nine years from the 1st May 1 438/ The customs account of Dundee of 1438 contains a payment of £60 for the expenses of Lord Gordon and Alexander of Montgomery, as ambassadors to England ;^ and that of Aberdeen of 1441, a payment of £45 for the releasing from pawn of jewels of the King pledged for the expenses of Lord Gordon and the other ambassadors.^ On 28th March 1438, George Faulau, merchant in Edinburgh, whose name is of frequent occurrence in these accounts, had a safe- conduct to go through England to Holland to notify the truce to Scots residents in the Low Countries/
Archibald fifth Earl of Douglas and fourth Duke of Touraine was the most wealthy and powerful subject of the Scottish Crown ; and his prominent position, as well as his near relationship to the sovereign, had not unnaturally pointed him out as the fittest person to wield the supreme power in the King's n^jinority. If he was in the habit of lookinpuat he ^f om a vantage ground of superiority on tb^ ^cei^fi- obles of the land, it was probably exper .oi^/)/ ,- would be the better able to control the ,urbuleA.peace Wi the lesser magnates. But these expectations p^rito,^^ delusive. The role which Djuglas affected,— -itii^^i that from hauteur rather than indolence, — wa^^ to abstain ostentatiously from all exercise of the chief functions that might have
^ Rotuli Scotiae, ii. p 306. 2 Page 15. -■
3 Page 93.
* Rotuli Scotiae, ii. p. 304.
xlviii PEEFACE.
been supposed to devolve on the head of the government. Not only did he take no steps to restrain the private feuds and disorders which had broken out afresh on the death of James i., but he looked on with seeming unconcern at the spectacle of Sir William Crichton and Sir Alexander Living- ston, as heads of two opposite factions in the state, contending for the possession of the person of the young King.
The men in power were in fact not the heads of the great feudal houses, but all belonged to secondary or less considerable families. Crichton, the representative of a hitherto unconspicuous baronial family, seems to have been a trusted servant of James I., by whom he was made sheriff of Edinburgh,^ master of the royal household,^ and keeper of Edinburgh Castle with a salary of £100.^ It is doubtful whether Livingston had been equally in the confidence of the first James. He had a share in the negotiations for the King's release, and was one of the assize who y.f^onvicted the Albanys ; but his name is not othef t-;^^^x>minent in the transactions of that reign ;actiP vc^^- -^-niuity of £28 from the customs of Lin^^-d Jr-v", whic/ he had enjoyed from the time of Efud-^t iii., was, ike many similar pensions,- discoii'dnued on Jame. s return from captivity. Pin\kerton's conjecture that he was appointed keeper of" the King's person
1 Vol. iv. page 607. ^ Vol. iv. page 671. ^ YoI.Vt. pages 573, 602, 621.
PREFACE. xlix
by the will of James I. seems to rest on no solid basis of evidence.
Crichton's position as governor of Edinburgh Castle when the Queen and young King fled from Perth, gave him an influence which an ambitious man might be expected to use to his own advantage. The accounts rendered in July 1438 indicate that, from the death of James i. onwards, he had habitually uplifted a large proportion of the fermes of the crown demesnes and lands in ward south of the Forth. ^ We have no trustworthy account of the circumstances under which the young King passed out of his custody into that of Livingston. According to Boece, whose story is, as usual, accepted by the succeeding generation of historians, Crichton and Livingston were respec- tively Chancellor and Governor of the realm ; and the disposition of the former to exercise the powers of his ofiice a Foutrance, and his determination to keep possession of the King, made him obnoxious to the Queen-moth'^'* -i'i<^iose sympathies lay more with the ^'' ^^^ Queen deion. Dissembling her
h'vised means to remove
unfriendlin^> .^^^ P^esp
com-
her son f- "<''"""''"\'f,'^ '"'S'ht asylum by stratagem.
-uis peace with It'' J J q
Star '"^ "^ore the death of age to the church of St. Mary
,j>' 1 .' flanto Vito, 1». , , , -^r-
01 V^^iceKirK, o^. .^ scotian^^cd the young Kmg-m a cheJt which formed P^i^^ *)i^(^Y luggage ; and instead of directing her steps \iQ^g^j.(jg ^\^^^ popular stiine, she went on board a ship ..^^ ^^-^i^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ j^^^. ^^^
t Pa-
^*\'e 63. VOL. V. f ^
/
1 PEEFACE.
by water to Stirling Castle, then under Livingston's
command. We now know that the Governor of
the realm was not Livingston but Douglas, and
that the Chancellor was not Crichton but Bishop
Cameron of Glasgow ; and the remaining details of
the story, uncorroborated as they are by any
independent authority, are not very probable.
Turning to the record evidence on this subject,
an entry in the customs account of Edinburgh
rendered in July 1438 seems almost to imply that
the Queen was no longer resident in Edinburgh
Castle, though she had been so at the time of the
coronation.^ On the other hand, there is evidence
that the King was present at the Parliament held
at Edinburgh on the 27th November 1438, which
continued its sittings till 24th December.^ But
that the King had been removed to the custody of
Livingston at Stirling before March 13th 1438-9,
appears from the records of the Council held of
that date, which passed measures obviously directed
against Crichton. In one of the two fragments
which has been preservf <^i ti^^i^o proceedings of
this last-named meetino:^. ^y\?^^^ ^^^^tes, the Lord-
^-at reig. -i-v»vil" Lieutenant and King's Coc t jj^i- -,'^'j'^cted to hold
two sessions in the year: iih^i , ^ ^^e Lord-
*^ Vlur'i^t III. '"^ab
^coiitii--
1 "Et Thoma Cranstoun, copj' . - ''^'W' presente m eodon castro stabillario castri 4V Z^ynburgh, a^^"^. ^^^^^^^> de quibus dictas teste, cuidam capellano vocato do'P?^,f^^ Creichtoun respo^debit, Paulo, tunc senescallo in castro de T g^' ^^®
Edynburgh, ad provisionem coro- 'j /^pts of the Parliaments of Scot- nacionis domini nostri regis, domina ^^ ' ^^' ^^' ' ^^'
PEEFACE.
li
Lieutenant is directed to arrest and bring to justice rebels reset within castles, or persons suspected of rebellion in castles.^
Of what followed we have again only Boece's account, to the effect that Livingston laid siege to Edinburgh Castle, and a capitulation followed on terms not unfavourable to Crichton. A temporary fusion of the two factions seems, in fact, to have been brought about by a consideration of the risk which each ran if Douglas, abandoning the isolated attitude which he could hardly longer maintain, should give his support to the other ; and it was probably one of the conditions of this coalition that Crichton should be made Chancellor. He superseded the Bishop of Glasgow in that office in May or June 1439.'
The unexpected death by fever of the Earl of
^ Acts of the Parliaments of Scot- land, ii. p. 32.
^ Not long afterwards, Bishop Cameron, who, during the strife of James i. with the Pope regarding the interference of the legislature with matters spiritual (vol. iv. preface, page cxi. ), had been excom- municated, suspended, and inter- dicted, made his peace with Eome. Shortly before the death of James I., Antonio di Santo Vito, Bishop of Urbino, had arrived in Scotland as papal legate, with a view to healing the breach. But the dis- organised state into which the country was thrown by the King's murder led him to re-cross the Alps without achieving anything. On 19th November 1438, Alfonso
de Crucifebris obtained a safe-con- duct to pass through England on his way to Scotland as papal nuncio (Rotuli Scotiaj, ii. p. 311) ; and ou 28th February 1439-50, we find a passport granted to William Croyser, who in 1433 had been deprived of his Archdeaconry of Teviotdale for presuming to cite the Bishop of Glasgow to Eome, authorising him to come from Calais to England in order to visit Scotland as nuncio (Rotuli Scotia?, ii. p. 315). Croyser on this occasion absolved Cameron from the church censures which he had incurred in the preceding reign, — (Theiner's Vetera Monumenta, p. 375 ; Preface to Concilia Scotite, p. Ixxxviii.)
lii
PEEFACE.
Douglas in the prime of life, on the 26th of June 1439, removed out of the way the only restraining influence which could have been brought to bear on the possessors of the young King's person. The Queen-mother, finding her son once more a prisoner, and herself more powerless than ever, sought for protection in a marriage with Sir James Stewart, popularly known as the Black Knight of Lorn, younger son of Sir John Stewart of Inner- meath. If the Knight of Lorn and the Queen are, as there seems every reason to believe, the parties meant in a dispensation of date 21st September 1439 for the marriage of James Stewart and Johanna Berrford (Beaufort), of the diocese of St. Andrews^ (neither of the parties being further designed), it would appear that the marriage was at first private, "per verba de prsesenti" before witnesses, and entered into in ignorance, or alleged ignorance, of three different impediments whose existence was afterwards discovered, and to remove which the dispensation was applied for.'^
^ Andrew Stuart's History of the Stewarts, p. 443.
2 They are said to be related in the third and third, fourth and fourth, and third and fourth degrees of consanguinity and affinity. The editor has not succeeded in tracing any one of these three relationships ; but he is unaware who the mother and paternal grandmother of the Black Knight were. That his mother was not Janet of Lorn has been shown by Mr Alexander Sinclair (Herald and
Genealogist, vi. p. 589). In the male line. Sir John Stewart and James i. were each fifth in descent from Alex- ander fourth High Steward, which did not bring them within the pro- hibited [degrees. The dispensation enjoins, by way of penalty for having continued to live together for some time after the impediments had been discovered, that on the death of either of the spouses the survivor is to remain unmarried.
PEEFACE. liii
The Queen's marriage did not, nevertheless, benefit her position, and its immediate results are sufficiently startling. On the 3rd of August 1439 her chamber at Stirling was forcibly invaded by Livingston, and herself removed to a place of restraint, notwithstanding the resistance of her household ; while her husband and his brother William Stewart were thrust into the dungeon of the Castle and put in fetters. For these occur- rences we have the authority of the Asloan MS.,^ and also the evidence of a charter granted by James ii. ten years later to Alexander Naper of the lands of Philde, for his faithful services to the late Queen his mother, and in compensation for severe bodily injuries, wounds, and personal damage sustained by him on the occasion of the violent capture and incarceration of the Queen by Sir Alexander Livingston, James Livingston his son, and their accomplices.^
A month after this outrage, on 4th September 1439, we have the spectacle of a General Council assembled at Stirling giving its sanction to a formal indenture between the Queen on the one hand, and Sir Alexander Livingston of Callendar, his son and heir James, his brother John, and Sir
^Asloan ms., pp. 3, 34. The j the word "Bow," seems to suggest expression used regarding Sir James , a preferable explanation of the mean- Stewart and his brother is "put ing of this passage to those given in tham in pittis and boUit thaim." the same work under " Bollit." The Belgian hoei, a shackle, alluded ^ Reg. Mag. Sig. , 1. iv. no. 4 ; to in Jamieson's Dictionary under of date 7th March 1449-50.
liv PEEFACE.
William Cranstoun on the other, by which she resigned the custody of her son till his majority into the hands of the Livingstons and Cranstouns. The Castle of Stirling and her allowance of 4000 marks were also surrendered by her for the King's maintenance. It was stipulated that she was to have access to her son in the presence of unsus- pected persons, and in the event of the death of Sir Alexander Livingston he was to be restored to her keeping. The Queen further declared that she remitted to the Livingstons all the rancour which she had wrongly conceived against them, and that she was satisfied that they had imprisoned her from motives of loyalty, and out of zeal for their sovereign's safety, and engaged that neither Livingston nor any of his friends should at any future time be brought into trouble for their share in these transactions.^ Sir James Stewart and his brother were at the same time released from durance^
It would seem, however, that the results of the compact made on the surrender of Edinburgh Gastle had not proved altogether satisfactory to Crichton, who found that it was decidedly Living- ston and not himself who was now the first person in the realm ; and the historians of the reign relate how the Chancellor, by kidnapping the King early one morning in Stirling Park, and conveying
1 Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, ii. p. 54. The original indenture is in the General Register House.
PEEFACE. Iv
him to Edinburgh, succeeded in obtaining from his quondam antagonist more favourable terms for himself and his friends.
But the house of Douglas had not ceased to be a source of apprehension to Livingston and Crichton. Earl AVilliam was but a boy of sixteen when he succeeded, but they soon foresaw in him a dangerous enemy. Imperious, extravagant, and ambitious, he is admitted even by Hume of Godscroft to have refused to acknowledge the authority of government, and to have acted with more than kingly power. AVe know not how far his acts may have technically rendered him amenable to the treason laws, or in what ways he made himself obnoxious to the governing party. On the 24th November 1440, the young Earl and his only brother, with their friend and confidant, Malcolm Fleming, a man in advanced years, the brother-in-law of the Eegent Murdach — and who is said to have been sent as ambassador by Douglas to the French Court to convey his homage for the duchy of Touraine — were arrested within Edin- burgh Castle on a charge of treason. The Earl and his brother, after a hasty trial, w^ere convicted and beheaded, and three or four days later the same fate overtook Fleming.
The bare outline here given contains nearly all that is known of this story from authentic sources.^
^ Asloan ms., pp. 24, 34 ; Scotichronicon, ii. p. 514 ; Major, p. 322 ; Extracta e variis Cronicis Scociic, p. 237.
Ivi PKEFACE.
What substratum of truth there may be in the further particulars which have found their way- through Boece into our ordinary histories it is difficult to say. In one particular Boece departs from the Asloan ms. He makes the execution of Fleming simultaneous with that of the Douglases ; and there he is certainly wrong, as shown by a curious document in the Cumbernauld charter chest/ which, while it accords with the other accounts as to the haste with which the trials were conducted, proves that four days elapsed between the death of the Douglases and that of Fleming.
By Douglas's conviction and execution for treason his earldom and estates ought to have been forfeited ; but the party in power did not venture to annex them to the Crown. There is indeed strong reason to surmise that Livingston and Crichton had acted with the full sanction or at least connivance of the next heir to the earldom, namely James Earl of Avondale, brother of Archi- bald fourth Earl of Douglas, and great-uncle of the beheaded Earl, formerly James Douglas of Balveny, the assassin in former days of Sir David Fleming, father of Earl William^s friend and fellow- victim, and frequently brought under notice in the accounts of the Albany regency in con- nexion with his depredations on the customs. At all events, the earldom of Douglas was bestowed
1 Printed in the Notes and Illustrations of vol. iv. of Tytler's History of Scotland.
PEEFACK
Ivii
on the Earl of Avonclalc ; and the fee of the lord- ship of Galloway^ allowed to vest, as it would have done had there been no attainder, in the heir of line, Margaret, sister of the late Earl, popularly distinguished as the Fair Maid of Galloway. Annandale, which had been granted by charter of the Eegent Albany to Archibald fourth Earl and the heirs male of his body, whom failing to the Earl of March,^ was taken possession of by the Crown as coming in place of the forfeited Earl of March ; but it would rather appear that the King had at first a little difiiculty in obtaining posses- sion of the rents, and there are indications that the later Earls of Douglas looked on themselves as unjustly deprived of them.^ The duchy of Touraine and county of Longueville reverted to the French Crown.
In the course of the year 1441 ambassadors arrived from John Duke of Brittany, with an offer of marriage from his eldest son, Francis Count of Montfort, to Elizabeth or Isabel, second daughter of James i. The proposal was favourably enter- tained, and an embassy was despatched to the
^ Margaret, widow of Archibald third Earl of Douglas and sister of James i., liferented the lordship of Galloway by charter dated 3d May 1425.— Reg. Mag. Sig., 1. ii. No. 52.
a Reg. Mag. Sig., p. 241. Eskdale continued with the Douglases. — Vol. vi. page 117.
3 In the Aunandale accounts down
to 1449 there is no account of the fermes of the demesne lands, only of casualities. — Pages 357, 521. It has generally been assumed that Annan- dale was in the possession of the later Earls of Douglas until their forfeiture in 1455. But see page 671, and vol. vi. page 448.
Iviii
PKEFACE.
court of Brittany. The ambassadors chosen were Sir George Crichton of Cairnes and Blackness, a kinsman of the Chancellor, who held the important office of Admiral of Scotland, and becomes still more conspicuous a few years later, William Foulis Archdeacon of St. Andrews, and William Monypenny, who, as Sir William Monypenny of Concressault in France, reappears afterwards as a much trusted and often employed envoy between the courts of Scotland and France.^ The contract was signed 19th July 1441, when it was arranged that the lady Elizabeth was to receive from her brother a dowry of 100,000 saluts d'or, while the Duke settled on her a jointure of £6000. The Aberdeen customs account of 1442 contains a pay- ment of £45 to Sir George Crichton of Blackness toward his expenses on an embassy to Brittany to treat of this marriage.^ The bride sailed for Brit- tany with a large train of attendants, and was married on the 30th October 1442. Her husband had two months previously succeeded to the duke- dom by his father's death.
James seventh Earl of Douglas, during his three years' possession, kept on a good footing with the governing faction, to whom he owned his earldom ; and it seems to have been a period freer than
1 He had a charter on 1st May 1451 of the lands of Hallis of Erth in Stirlingshire, to be called in future the lands of Monypenny, and
on 7th October 1458 of lands for- feited by the Earl of Ormond. — Reg. Mag. Sig., 1. V. nos. 16. 17. 2 Page 118.
rREFACE.
lix
usual from internal disturbances, though a pay- ment occurs of £5 to Nicholas the King's carpenter for riding to Galashiels (then in Ettrick Forest and in possession of the Douglases) to bring back {pro levacione) the King's great bombard.^ Earl James had interest enough to obtain for his second son Archibald the earldom of Moray, with the hand of Elizabeth, younger of the two daughters of the last Earl of Moray of the Dunbar family, to the exclusion of that lady's elder sister, afterwards wife of Crichton's son. By the only known or recorded investiture of this earldom, the charter granted to John Dunbar and Marjory his wife in 1371-2, the remainder was " heredibus cjuibuscunque," which would have given the elder sister Janet the earldom. But it seems probable that there was a resignation and re-grant to heirs male after that date; as is furthur suggested by the mention in the Asloan us. of James Crichton, husband of the elder sister, being belted Earl of Moray in 1452.^
I Page 118.
^ See below, page xcvi. There is in the Castle Forbes charter-chest a charter, dated 26th April 1442, of the lordship of Kintore, — a possession of the Earls of Moray since 1375, — to Archibald, son of James Earl of Douglas, on the resignation of Janet and Elizabeth, daughters of the late James Dunbar Earl of Moray, with a remainder, failing the issue male of the said Archi- bald and Elizabeth, to the other sons of James Earl of Douglas in the first instance, and only on
their failure to the heirs whatsoever of Elizabeth Dunbar. This charter is printed in the "Antiquities of the Shires of Aberdeen and Banff" (Spalding Club), iii.i). 231, where, the regnal year being supposed to be that of the third and not the second James, it is assigned to 1466 instead of 1442. In the face of this document it is im- possible to maintain the hypothesis (see Riddell's Peerage and Consisto- rial Law, p. 866), that Elizabeth was daughter of Thomas Earl of Moray of the elder line, and Janet of Earl James of the line of Freudraught.
Ix PREFACE.
William, eldest son of Earl James, who suc- ceeded him as eighth Earl of Douglas on 25th March 1443, was both crafty and ambitious. He is said to have made a pleasing impression on James at an interview obtained by him in order to disavow responsibility for a lawless act of one of his followers, the seizure of Dumbarton Castle on the 15th July 1443 by Patrick of Galbraith ; and he soon became a prime favourite of the young King, who had attained the age of thirteen, and was beginning to chafe under the irksomeness of his tutelage. The result of this new influence was the disgrace of the Crichtons, a coalition between the Livingston party and Douglas, and the appoint- ment of the latter to the office of Lieutenant- Governor of the realm.
On 20th August 1443, Douglas with a large host laid siege in the King's name to the house of Barnton near Edinburgh, the property of Sir George Crichton the admiral, which four days afterwards capitulated, and was levelled with the ground.^
On 4th November following a Council was held at Stirling, to which Sir William and Sir George Crichton were summoned, and, on their failure to appear, were outlawed and attainted.^ Sir William was superseded in the Chancellorship by James
^ Asloan ms., pp. 5, 36. ^ Asloan ms., pp. 5, 36.
TREFACE.
Ixi
Bruce Bishop of Dimkeld, soon afterwards Bishop of Glasgow/
We next find the two Crichtons harrying and plundering the lands of Douglas and his adherent Sir John Forrester of Corstorphine in Lothian, carrying oflf horses, sheep, and cattle, and setting fire to the orpano^es of Abercorn and Strabrock : while Douo^las reveno;ed himself on Sir George Crichton by burning Blackness.^
Douglas further strengthened his position by obtaining a dispensation to marry his cousin the Fair Maid of Galloway, and thus reunite her domains with his ; ^ while the title of Earl of Ormond, in connexion with the lands of Ardman- nach in Eoss, was bestowed on his brother Hugh.
Meantime the relations with England were of a friendly description, and a prolongation of the truce to 1st May 1454 was agreed on;^ in con- nexion with which there occurs a payment in the Edinburgh customs account of 1444 of £41 to Alexander Lord Montgomery, "pro treugis capiendis apud Dunelmiam. "^ On 5th December 1444 a safe-conduct was granted to ambassadors
1 Bishop Kennedy of St. Andrews is said to have succeeded Crichton as Chancellor, but if so he must have been almost immediately superseded by Bruce.
2 Asloan MS., pp. 5, 36.
8 Of date July 1444.— Andrew Stuart's History of the Stewarts, p. 467.
* In evidence that the truce was
actually prolonged, as here stated, we have in the English close rolls, of date 18 July 1444, mandates to the different sheriffs to notify the fact. — Foedeia, xi. p. 58. Yet the extension of the truce beyond 1447 seems afterwards to be ignored. See infra, page Ixxii. 5 Pasre 14D.
Ixii
PEEFACE.
from Scotland, one of them being Monypenny, who were to be present at the coronation of Margaret of Anjou, Queen of Henry vi.^
The events of 1444 included a marriage and a betrothal in the royal house of Scotland. Mary, fifth daughter of James i, and youngest but one of the King's sisters, still in childhood, became wife of Wolfaert van Borselen, Count of Grandpre and Lord of Campvere in Zealand. From Dutch sources we learn that she was sent from Scotland to Campvere under charge of Jonkheer Luyeh van Schingen and other Dutch gentlemen.^ On 14th December her youngest sister Annabella was betrothed at Stirling to Louis Count of Geneva, second son of Louis Duke of Savoy, in presence of ambassadors from that Prince,^ a contract which was eleven years afterwards broken off. Excepting a few entries for articles of dress to the sisters of the king,* there is no reference to these events in the existing Exchequer accounts.
Among the counsellors of the young King there was happily one in whom intellect, wisdom, and courage were combined with a disinterested attachment to his sovereign. We mean James Kennedy, Bishop of St. Andrews and nephew of James i., a prelate whose singleness of purpose and purity of character stand out in bright relief
^ Rotuli Scotise, ii. p. 325.
2 Yair's History of Scottish Trade in tlie Netherlands, p. 83.
3 Guichenon,Histoir6genealogique
de la royale Maison de Savoie, Turin 1778, p. 111. ^ Pages 149, 186.
TREFACE. Ixiil
in an age when such qualities were rare. He reorarded with alarm the coalition between Douorlas and Livino^ston : the more so that Douglas w\as understood to be closely united in friendship with another very powerful and very unscrupulous noble, David third Earl of Craw- ford. With the view of throwing his weight into the opposite scale, Kennedy made advances to Sir William Crichton, on whose side was also the representative of a branch of the house of Douglas that was shortly to come to the front, James Earl of Angus. To retaliate on this prelate, Crawford, in company with Alexander Ogilvy of Innerquharity, James Livingston younger of Cal- lendar, James Hamilton of Cadyow, Robert Eeoch Duncanson, and a body of friends and dependants, made an inroad on his territories, laying waste his lands, burning his granges, and carrying off a rich booty to their fastnesses in Angus : upon which the sacrilegious Earl and his abettors were solemnly excommunicated by the Bishop for the space of a year.^
The scanty chronicles of the period have preserved the memory of a few of the numerous other private outrages of the period, including the slaughter of Sir James Stewart of Ardgowan at Drumglass on the 31st May 1445 by Robert Boyd, and brutal maltreatment of his wife.^
^ Asloan MS., pp. 7, 38. * Asloan MS., pp. 6, 37.
Ixiv
PEEFACE.
A Parliament convened at Perth on 14tli June 1445 was, we are told, adjourned to Edinburgh, on the ground that the coalition who had now possession of the King were besieging the late Chancellor in Edinburgh Castle.^ It outlawed and forfeited James Earl of Angus for rebellion.^ Edin- burgh Castle made so good a defence that when Crichton capitulated, after a nine weeks' siege, he was able to obtain a promise of remission for all past oifences and a renewal of the King's favour.
Some glimpes of light are thrown on passing events by the accounts audited at Stirling in June 1444 and at Edinburgh in July 1445. In the former, Kennedy is not called Chancellor, showing that if he had been invested with the office, as has been stated, on Crichton's forfeiture, he held it but a very short time. The seizure of Dumbarton had been so far condoned that a payment of £6, 13s. 4d. is allowed to Patrick Galbraith for his expenses at Dumbarton Castle before its delivery to Robert of Callendar.^ The references to Crichton's varying fortunes help to fix the dates of events.*
1 Asloan MS. pp. 6, 37.
2 Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, ii. p. 59.
3 Page 145.
* In the Edinburgh account of 1444 is a payment of 8s. 6d., "pro tribus instrumentis per compotantes, ex parte regis, super citacione domini de Creichtoun, et super inhibicione per compotantes facta ne processus procedat super terris
domini regis de Castellaw " (page 147). While at the audit of 1443 a pension of 700 marks, to continue till the King's majority, had been paid or at least acknowledged to be due to Crichton (page 125), the annuity in question is in the audit of 1444 designed an "alleged" pension (pages 146, 148). But at the Exchequer of 1445, which must have immediately followed the sur-
PREFACE. Ixv
Large payments appear, both in 1444 and 1445, connected with the castle of Dalkeith. Dalkeith was the seat of a branch of the Douglas family only second in importance to the ostensible head of the house.^ They owned Aberdour in Fife, and large possessions in Liddesdale, as well as the fortalice of Dalkeith, a place of importance and strength. Sir James Douglas of Dalkeith, who died shortly before the return of James i. from England, was dis- tinguished for his learning and accomplishments, had entertained Froissart as a guest, owned a large collection of books, and had borrowed others from his friends, which he enjoined in his will should be returned them. He married for his second wife a daughter of Robert ii.; and his son and successor James, Lord Dalkeith, one of the first persons dignified with the title of a Lord of Parliament, married a daughter of Eobert iii., and died about 1440. But the eldest surviving son of the latter, either before or shortly after his suc- cession, became insane, and was declared so in Parliament on 22nd May 1441, when the King as his curator constituted James Gifford of Sheriff hall, whose sister Douglas had married, his substitute in the office of curatory, and constable of the castles of Dalkeith and Aberdour, for nineteen years, with
render of Edinburgh Castle, Crich- ton's annuity has been augmented to £500, and is said to be due to him for the custody of Edinburgh Castle (page 180).
^ In a heraldic sense the Douglases of Dalkeith had a better claim to be regarded the chiefs of the family than the Earls of Douglas, their pedigree being untainted with illegitimacy.
VOL. V. e
Ixvi
PKEFACE.
remainders to Jolm and William, brothers of James Giflford/ In these troublous times great importance seems to have been attached by the ruling party to the provisioning and garrisoning of Dalkeith. In addition to Gifford, who, with his brother, gets £10 as keeper of the middle ward of the castle, Patrick Cockburn gets 20 marks yearly for keeping the castle, and large sums are allowed him as expended on the buildings, and for iron and Baltic timber used for repairing and strengthening them ; the whole expenditure on this fortress in the Edinburgh accounts of 1444 and 1445 being £122, 15s. 5d.^
A forgotten incident of this civil war, alluded to in the accounts of 1445, is the siege of Methven castle. Methven, which had been granted by Robert ii. to his son Walter Earl of Athole, became the property of the Crown on Athole's attainder. The castle must have been occupied by one of the
^ The appointment of curatory is printed, from the original in Lord Morton's possession, in the *' Regis- trum Honoris de Morton " (Banna- tyne Club), ii. p. 207. In the Register of the Great Seal, the record of it has, by an oversight, been misdated by eleven years (it appears as of 22nd May 1452), a blunder which has been productive of a large amount of error in the accepted genealogies of the Morton family.
2 The items in the accounts in- clude £26, 13s. 4d. to Patrick Cock- burn for repair of dwellings in Dalkeith castle (page 146) ; £14,
13s. 4d. to do. for do. (page 150) ; £10 to do. for do. (page 150) ; £1, lis. 6d. for nine boards and six stones of iron (p. 147) ; £10 to James Gifford and his brother (page 147) ; 6s. for four boards of Prussian timber (page 150) ; £6, 12s. for 80 boards of Prussian timber, with carriage in three waggons from Leith (page 150); £8, 13s. 4d. for 100 boards with carriage (page 180) ; £8, 2s. for do. ; £13, 6s. 8d. to William Livingston for repair of castle (page 180) ; £9, 10s. 7d. for 100 boards and 11 stones iron with carriage (page 181) ; and £13, 6s. 8d. as fee of Patrick Cockburn, for custody of castle (page 182).
PEEFACE.
Ixvii
supporters of Cricliton, for we learn by the accounts that it was besieged and captured in 1444 or 1445, the King, now in his fifteenth year, being present at the siege. ^
On the 15tli July in the year of the siege of Edinburgh, that is the year 1445, the Asloan MS. tells us that the Queen-mother died in Dunbar, and was interred in the Carthusian convent of Perth. ^ In the account of the custumars of Inverkeithing, rendered at Edinburgh only two days later, on 17th July 1445, she is called " quondam regina."'^ Boece and the historians who follow him relate that the Queen's second husband had predeceased her, a
^ William of Fotliringhame, cus- tumar of Perth, credits himself with £5, paid by him for 4 stone of iron used in preparing instruments for the siege of Methven (page 186), and for £3, 23. 7d. expended at the time of said siege for woollen and linen cloth, and for a doublet, a mantle, and a hood, a shirt, and a pair of leggings, all for the King (page 187). At the same audit, Alexander Ogilvy of Innerquharity (who fell a few months later mortally wounded at the battle of Arbroath) is allowed £20, 4s. lid., in part of his pension as keeper of Methven castle (page 201). At the succeeding audit, Alexander Livingston, as captain of that fortress, is allowed £10 for the purchase of necessaries for Methven castle (page 219), and is further paid £5, 9s. 4d. for his expenses at the time when the same castle was taken (page 230).
^ Under what circumstances she
had come to be an inmate of the fortress of Dunbar, which was then in forcible possession of Patrick Hepburn of Hailes, is not explained ; but it is added, that "incontinent the Lord Halis gaf our the castell of Dunbar throu trety," (Asloan MS., pp. 7, 38). A letter from James ii. in the chartulary of Coldingham, dated 28th April 1446, refers to "the maist treasonable takyn of our castle of Dunbar, burning her ships, slaughter, im- prisonment, oppression of our people, destruction of our land, and many other detestable enormities and offences done by one Patrick of Hepburn, sone till Adam Hepburn of Hales, knight" (Raine's History of North Durham, Appendix, p. 22). At the audit of 1448, £40 are allowed to Patrick Cockbum, for his labours and expenses connected with the siege of Dunbar (page 305). 3 Page 184.
Ixviii
PEEFACE.
captive in Flanders. That he survived her by more than six years appears by English safe- conducts granted to him on 24th November
1445, 22d November 1447, and 17th August 1451/
Very soon after the Queen's death, the ladies Joanna and Eleanor, the third and fourth of the daughters of James i., and the only two of them who were not either married or betrothed, were sent to the Court of France. In the account of the custumars of Linlithgow rendered 6th July
1446, there is a remission of custom to the extent of £26, 13s. 4d., to James Livingston, brother of Eobert Livingston, the Comptroller and a custumar of Linlithgow (a diflferent person from James Living- ston younger of Callendar), for his expenses in accompanying the King's sisters on their voyage to France.^
These ladies, on their arrival, found their sister the Dauphiness dead, the victim, as has been often related, of the calumnies of Jamet de Tillay. Charles vii., however, was disposed to act a friendly part to the sisters of his daughter-in-law, now com- mitted to his charge. The circumstance that the
^ Eotuli Scotiae, ii. pp. 327, 331, 347. An entry in the Asloan MS. (pp. 24, 41), belonging to the addi- tions which seem to be less trust- worthy than the rest, and repeated almost verbatim in the vernacular notes to the ' ' Extracta e variis Cronicis Scocise " (p. 238), states
that Sir James Stewart, the Queen's knight, was captured at sea with eight score Englishmen, and put to death in May 1449. If the informa- tion be otherwise correct, its date at least is wrong. 2 Page 225.
PEEFACE.
Ixix
elder of the two was deaf and dumb ^ was doubtless an obstacle to her makins; an advanta^^eous marriao^e ; but it is less apparent why Eleanor had been left out of consideration, while her younger sisters, though but children, had been married and betrothed the previous year. The French King first of all formed a design that Eleanor should replace her sister as mfe of the Dauphin ; but finding it impossible to obtain the Pope's sanction for so strange a union, he turned his thoughts towards the Archduke Sigmund of Austria, then about nineteen years of age, as a suitable parti for her. Eleanor of Scotland, sister of the Duchess of Bretagne, is mentioned by Lobineau
^ It is not from any contemporary source that we learn that the lady Joanna laboured under this bodily infirmity. The evidence of it was first pointed out in a privately printed pamphlet by the late Mr. Alexander Sinclair, as existing in a place where one would hardly have looked for it, namely in a process of divorce at the instance of Hugh third Earl of Eglinton against Joanna Hamilton, his wife, in 1562,
on the plea of relationship within the prohibited degrees, the proceed- ings in which are preserved in the Eglinton charter-chest. Evidence was given that the parties stood to each other in the fourth degree of consanguinity on both sides, the common ancestress being the Countess of Morton or Lady Dal- keith, known as the "muta domina, " the genealogy being deduced as follows : —
The Dumb Lady
1. John Earl of Morton
I
2. James Earl of Morton
I
3. Margaret, wife of James
Lord Hamilton
I
4. Joanna Hamilton
It does not admit of doubt that the mother of John Earl of Morton and Joanna Countess of Bothwell,
1. Joanna Countess of Bothwell
I
2. Margaret Hepburn, Lady Seton
3. Mariot Seton, Countess of
Eglinton
4. Hugh Earl of Eglinton
here called the ** muta domina," was the third daughter of James i.
Ixx
PEEFACE.
as in the train of the Queen of France on a visit paid by her to Mont St. Michel on St. John Baptist's day 1447.^ An extant letter of James ii., of 1st September 1447, thanks Charles vii. for his outlay connected with the betrothal of his sister Eleanor to the Duke of Austria, to which he gives his hearty assent.^ Eleanor remained at the French Court until her marriage, which took place in 1449 ; and her sister Joanna seems also to have continued in France.
Prominent among the factions and skirmishes of that time was the feud between the Lindsays and Ogilvys, which culminated in the battle of Arbroath and death of David Earl of Crawford. The Abbot and convent of Arbroath had some years before this time appointed Alexander Master of Crawford, eldest son of the Earl, their justiciary. But the extravagance and ferocity which afterwards won for him the sobriquet of " The Tiger Earl," rendered him an unsatisfactory protector of the abbey ; and the monks formally deposed him, putting' Alex- ander Ogilvy of Innerquharity in his place. The Master of Crawford, indisposed to submit to this affront, took violent possession of the town and abbey of Arbroath, and both parties assembled their friends and followers to decide the quarrel by
1 Lobineau, Histoire de Bretagne, edit. 1707, i. p. 629. Monypenny had a safe-conduct to pass through England on his way from France to Scotland, on a mission concerning
the marriage of the lady Eleanor, on July 14th 1447. Fcedera, xi. p. 179. 2 Stevenson's Letters and Papers illustrative of the Wars of the Eng- lish in France, i. p. 194.
PEEFACE. Ixxi
the sword. The Lindsays were aided by the Douglases and Hamiltons ; and accident gave the Ogilvys a powerful ally in Sir Alexander Seton of Gordon, soon afterwards Earl of Huntly, who, hap- pening to be guest for a night at Innerquharity, was bound by the then understood usages of hospi- tality to take part in his host's quarrel. As the combatants were about to meet in mortal encounter, the Earl of Crawford, suddenly appearing in the field, rushed between them in hope to arrange the quarrel, when a partisan of the Ogilvys, ignorant of who he was, wounded him mortally. This inci- dent naturally embittered the contest ; the two armies fought with desperation, the Lindsays win- ning the day, and a large number of the gentry of Angus being left dead on the field. Innerquharity, severely wounded, was carried to the castle of Finhaven, where, it is said, he was smothered with a down pillow by his cousin, the widowed Countess of Crawford.^ The battle took place, according to the Asloan manuscript, on 23rd January 1445-6, exactly a year after Crawford's harrying of the lands of the Bishop of St. Andrews, for which it was regarded as a providential retribution ; and it is added by the same authority, that the body of the Earl lay four days above ground, as no one durst bury him till the Bishop sent the Prior of St. Andrews to remove the excommunication.^
^ Extractae variis Cronicis Scociaj, p. 242. ^ Asloan ms., pp. 7, 38.
Ixxii PEEFACE.
Further than the mention of the death of the Earl of Crawford in the accounts audited in July 1446/ the extant rolls contain no allusion to the battle of Arbroath.
Among events unchronicled by historians and obscurely hinted at in the rolls is the possession of the royal castle of Loch dune in Carrick by the M'Lellans : certain expenses are allowed to them on its surrender by them to Sir Alexander Livingston.^ From that time a regular annual payment occurs to Edward Mure as keeper of Lochdune Castle.^
The Court held the Christmas of 1466 at Stirling, when £7, 13s. 8d. was paid for the dresses of players who appeared before the King.*
It has been seen that the truce with England, which would else have expired on 1st May 1447, was in 1444 prolonged to 1st May 1454,^ and it is therefore rather puzzling to find something like an assumption in the transactions between the coun- tries that 1447 was the year of its expiry. Men- tion occurs in the accounts rendered in 1448 of a mission to England noticed elsewhere. Eobert Livingston of LinUthgow (the Comptroller) is allowed £44, 16s. in part payment of his passage to England to the Cardinal and Marquis of Dorset (Edmund Duke of Somerset, uncle of James ii.), and a stay of five weeks in England in connection with the King's affairs.^ Livingston's visit to England
1 Pages 227, 229. 3 Pages 261, 298, 336, 376. » Page Ixi. a Page 266. " Page 266. « Page 304.
PEEFACE.
Ixxiii
camiot have been later than April 1447, as Cardinal Beaufort died in that month.
In the spring of 1448 Border hostilities broke out. The English burned Dunbar and Dumfries, and the Scots retaliated by two raids under the Earls of Douglas, Orkney, Angus, and Ormond, in one of which Alnwick, and in the other Warkworth, was set fire to ; and in October of the same year the Earl of Ormond and Wallace of Craigie, w^ith a force of 4000, encountered a much larger number of English on the banks of the Sark, and totally routed them.^
IV.
The King being now in his eighteenth year, it was considered desirable that he should marry; and the unfriendly nature of the relations with England made it a matter of moment that the marriage should be one that would cement closer the national ties to France. In January 1447-8 Snow^don herald was sent to the French King, with a letter to say that an embassy w^ould shortly be sent by James on the subject of his own marriage and the marriage of his sisters.^ In September following, Lord Crichton, w^ho w^as again Chancellor, John
^ Asloan MS., pp. 27, 39.
1 Stevenson's Letters and Papers illustrative of the Wars of the Eng- lish in France, i. p. 194. Sisters in the plural are specified, though the only sister of the King who was not already married or iK'trothcd was
Joanna, "the dumb lady." The Duchess of Brittany was not yet a widow. Probably the two who were meant were Joanna and Eleanor, the latter being not yet married, though betrothed to Sigmund of Austria.
Ixxiv PEEFACE.
Kalston Bishop of Dunkeld, and Nicholas of Otter- burn, were sent to France on the confidential mission alluded to.^ The ancient league was rati- fied on the 31st December 1448 ; and as there was then no French princess who could be a suitable match for the King of Scots, the ambassadors, at the suggestion of the French King, proceeded to the Court of Philip the Good of Burgundy. That Prince recommended his kinswoman, Mary, daughter of Arnold Duke of Gueldres, who had been brought up at the Burgundian Court, and whom the envoys found " jam nubilem et formo- sam." After returning to Paris to consult Charles VII., they brought the matrimonial negotiation to a close at Brussels. Philip was to pay 60,000 crowns as the portion of the bride, while the Queen's dower of 10,000 crowns was secured on lands in Strathern, Athole, Methven, and Linlith- gow.^ It has been thought that the daughter of the Duke of Gueldres had not in the first instance been thought of by the King of Scots and his advisers ; nevertheless, the Edinburgh account rendered in July 1447 makes mention of the mission of one Otto of Puflich, a knight of Gueldres, to the King, during the year embraced by it.^
While the negotiations were pending, mutual
^ Stevenson's Letters and Papers illustrative of the Wars of the English in France, i. p. 227.
2 Treaties, Philip and James, Harleian mss. 4637, iii. f. v.
3 Page 276.
rEEFACE.
Ixxv
intercourse went on between the Courts of Burgundy and Scotland ; and a tournament be- tween two knights and an esquire of each country- was held in the presence of the King at Stirling on the 25th February 1448-9, the Scottish knights beino^ James Master of Douojlas, brother of the Earl, and another James Douglas, brother of the laird of Lochleven/
To this date seems to belong the palace as distinct from the abbey of Holyrood. While Holyrood abbey had in previous reigns been a frequent resort of royalty, and James ii. had been both born and crowned there, it is generally under- stood that the palace, as separate from the abbey, had no existence till far on in the reign of James IV. ^ But an entry which occurs in the Edinburgh customs account rendered in 1449, of a sum of £119, 10s. lid., allowed for boards, iron rafters, carriages, and freights connected with the King's work in the monastery of Holyrood, and at Stirling, Linlithgow, and Falkland,^ seems to indicate the building of a royal dwelling there, not improbably
^ AsloanMS., pp. 18, 40. Cronique de Mathieu D'Escouchy (Societe de I'Histoire de France), i. p. 148. Scotichronicon ii. p. 515. A sum of £12, 19s. Id. allowed, inter alia, for lances and spears for jousting, in the accounts of 1450 (page 385), may have reference to this tournament. A rather obscure allusion to the Master of Douglas occurs in connexion with an unrecorded event of about this
date. The custumars of Edinburgh in 1449 take credit for £5, 12s. as price of 14 bolls of wheat bought as provision of Edinburgh Castle, at the time of the siege of the rock of Futherai (Fidra), "dum Jacobus magister de Douglas ipsam voluit edificasse (page 347).
2 Chartulary of Holyrood, pre- face, p. Iv.
3 Tacce 346.
Ixxvi
PEEFACE.
in preparation for the reception of Mary of Gueldres/
A bygone age is momentarily recalled by the mention in the accounts of 1449 of the death, at what must have been a very advanced age, of the widow of Robert Duke of Albany, daughter of Sir William Keith the marischal by Margaret Fraser, heiress of Cowie and Durris. Surviving her husband more than twenty-eight years, she died very shortly before the wedding of James ii. A pension of £66, 13s. 4d., which she had received ever since the downfall of her husband s family, was continued for the term after her death, namely Whitsunday 1449, in payment of her debts. ^ Three years later there appears in the customs account of Aberdeen a further payment of £33, 6s. 8d., by the King's order, to John Lowel and Thomas Garden, executors of Muriella Duchess of Albany, for her debts and funeral expenses.^
The Princess of Gueldres, with a large suite, set sail from Flanders, " in thirteen great shippis and aue craike," escorted by the Chancellor Crichton, the Bishop of Dunkeld, and the Lord of Campvere, father of the Princess Mary's husband.^ After a
1 About the time of the corona- tion of James ii. , there was a room for the King's lords in the monastery of Holyrood, for the door of which a great lock was furnished by the custumars of Edinburgh (page 26). The accounts of 1450 are rendered at the monastery of Holyrood, and in 1454 the King's brewers brewed I
in the monastery as well as in the Castle of Edinburgh (page 619).
2 Page 342.
3 Page 508.
* Both Mr. Tytler and M. Francisque-Michel have repre- sented the Princess' escort as including the Dukes of Savoy, Austria, Brittany, and Burgundy.
PEEFACE. Ixxvii
visit to the Isle of May, where the Princess paid her devotions at the Chapel of St. Andrew, she landed with her suite at Leith on the 18th of June 1449, and advanced on horseback to Edinburgh. On the 25 th June the marriage contract was ratified under the Great Seal ; ^ the marriage took place on the 3rd of July, and the coronation of the Queen almost immediately followed. Most of the details hitherto given of the marriage are taken from the pleasant and graphic narrative of D'Escouchy, who, though not himself on the spot, derived his information from those who were present. A few additional particulars are furnished by the rolls, which seem to show that the Queen and her suite first proceeded to the convent of St. Anthony at Leith, and thence advanced to Holy rood ; £9 are allowed for the expenses of Alexander Naper, the Comptroller, at St. Anthony's convent and Holyrood, and for hire of a boat and other expenses connected with the Queen ; ^ William Bully, one of the custumars of Edinburgh, is allowed £10 for his services (" laboribus ac diligenciis ") regarding the marriage and Queen's coronation, and the expenses of the servants of the King and Queen ; ^ £12 are paid to
The passage, however, in the Asloan MS. (pp. 24, 41), on which they found this statement (which occurs also in the Extracta e variis Cronicis Scocie, p. 238), only states that these magnates were consenting parties
1 The original document is in the General Register House. A further ratification took place at the next meeting of the Estates. Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, ii. p. 61.
2 Page 387.
to the marriage. i ^ Page 347.
Ixxviii PEEFACE.
John Dempster, for cloth ^' ad robam regalem tempore maritagii regis." ^
Allusions appear at this time and afterwards to various foreign retainers who came in the Queen's train. Henry Junem, a Dutchman, is keeper of her wardrobe,^ and Herman, also a Dutchman, master of her stable.^ Payments occur to Henry Van Yelde or Vanderfelde, a Dutchman, formerly tutor (nutritor) of the Queen, and to his sons ; * and there is mention of Walter Cuke and his son John Cuke, also Dutchmen, who had the rents of Strath- miglo in Fife for their fee.^ An " Elizabeth de Gelria" is an annuitant from 1456 onwards.^
Meantime negotiations went on regarding a cessation of war with England, apparently without any reference to the already subsisting truce, which ought not to have expired till 1454."^ A truce was first agreed to from 10th August to 20th September 1469 ; then down to 19th November 1449 ; and on 15th November 1449, the truce was made of indefinite duration, to be brought to an end, at the option of either party, on a notice of 180 days.^ A payment of £10 to Snowdon herald, riding to England to the English King, with indication of a former journey of the same herald to England, has reference to these negotiations.^
On September 20th 1449, according to the
1 Page 387. ^ page 387. » Page 386. ^ Page 500. 5 Pages 535, 688.
« Vol. vi. pages 234, 322, 440, 562. I » Page 383.
"^ Supra, page Ixxii. 8 Foedera, xi. pp. 231, 238, 247, 268, 271.
PrtEFACE.
Ixxix
Asloau manuscript/ Bishop William Turnluill said his first mass at Glasoiow. Turnbull, the founder of the University of Glasgow, and the procurer of valuable privileges for that see and city, was one of the more remarkable prelates of his day. He had held office at the Court of Pope Eugenius iv., and accompanied Croyser on his mission as nuncio to cite Bishop Cameron to the Papal Court. The Exchequer accounts show that he was Bishop of Glasgow more than a year before the date in the Asloan Chronicle.^ He had previously been Keeper of the Privy Seal, and Bishop of Dunkeld for a very short time.^ We find the sum of £740 Scots or £300 Flemish, borrowed by the King from merchants of Edinburgh, Aberdeen, and Dundee, and paid to Italian merchants to defray the expenses of obtaining the bulls for the election/
^ Asloan MS., pp. 25, 41.
2 Page 297. The account of the succession of the Bishops of Glasgow about this period in the preface to the Glasgow chartulary, is not quite accurate. Bishop Cameron, the Chancellor of James I., and vindicator of the State against Koman encroachments, died on Christmas Eve 1446, not 1447, (Asloan ms., pp. 6, 39). James Bruce, Chancellor, and Bishop of Dunkeld, who succeeded him, enjoyed the see but a short time, but did not, as there stated, die before confirma- tion or investiture. James Bishop of Glasgow and Chancellor is an Exchequer auditor on 19th June 1447 (page 258), but he must have died before the 4th October of that year.
as the see is then said to be vacant (Chartulary of Glasgow, p. 366).
3 Turnbull was elected successor to Bruce on the translation of the latter to Glasgow (Scotichronicon vol. i. p. 502), and seems to have been consecrated Bishop. He is so designed in the Exchequer accounts, page 310. See next note.
4 rages 306, 311, 370. In the Roman register of '* Obligazioni," we find the procurator of William Turnbull, *' electi Glasguensis, tunc de ecclesia Dunkeldcnsi ad ecclcsiam Glasguensem translati," offering the sum of 2500 gold florins as dues for his appointment. — Mazicro Brady's " Ei)iscopal Succession in England, Scotland and Ireland," (Rome 1876) i. p. 154.
Ixxx
PKEFACE.
The sudden reverse of fortune wliicli overtook the Livino'stons in 1449 is one of the events of this reign about whose secret history it is difficult to form any plausible conjecture. About the time of the King's marriage, James Livingston, eldest son of Sir Alexander of Callendar, was promoted to the office of Great Chamberlain of Scotland.^ A few weeks later he himself, his aged father, his brother Alexander, and other kinsmen and adherents of the house, including Kobert Living- ston, then Comptroller, and Eobert Callendar, keeper of Dumbarton Castle, were suddenly laid hold of and imprisoned in the fortress of Blackness, the whole property of the family being at the same time put under arrest, and every officer w^ho had been appointed by the Livingstons expelled from his post.^ The parties thus arrested were arraigned before a Parliament held at Edinburgh on the 19th January 1449-50 ; and on the 22d January two of them were executed, namely Alexander Livingston, younger son of Sir Alexander,^ and Kobert Livingston, the Comptroller."* The head
^ He is designed Chamberlain in June 1449 (page 336).
2 Asloan MS. pp. 25, 42.
^ It was certainly not James the elder son, as stated by an error of inadvertency in the Asloan MS., but his brother Alexander, who was beheaded.
* Robert Livingston, designed of Middlebenyng and of Linlithgow, a cousin of the Livingstons of
Callander, was probably the most considerable merchant in Linlith- gow ; and his name occurs often in the accounts of the reign of James I. as well as James ii., as custumar of Linlithgow, and master of works of Linlithgow Palace. He is, on one occasion at least, rewarded for his activity in the King's affairs (page 101), and had been recently employed on an embassy to England
PREFACE. Ixxxi
of the house, with his kinsman,. James Dundas of Dunclas, and other adherents, had their lives spared, but were attainted, and incarcerated in Dumbarton Castle. While there cannot be a doubt, from the narrative in Napier's charter of Philde already alluded to, that one of the crimes with which the Livingstones were charged was the treasonable imprisonment of the Queen-mother in 1439, it can hardly be supposed that this was the only offence for which they were tried ; else the lives of the father and eldest son, who had the principal hand in this outrage, would not have been spared, while Kobert Livingston, who seems not to have been directly implicated in it, and was a trusted friend of James i., was executed. Boece's supposi- tion that those who were respited purchased their lives with large money payments, does not consist with the fact that the effects of all who had been found guilty were confiscated to the Crown.
Our historians prior to Tytler, following Boece, misdate by three years the proceedings against the Livingstons, and ascribe them to the Douglas influence. Tytler, giving the correct date from the Asloan manuscript, credits James with a
(page 304). He is first designed Comptroller in August 1448 (page 297), and was succeeded in that office by Alexander Naper, who had sig- nalised himself by his defence of the Queen-mother, lie is mentioned as deceased in the accounts of July
1440 (pages 370, 393, 419), and his lands in the burgh of Linlithgow as escheat (page 399). £123, 13s. 7d. are in 1450 allowed for payment of poor creditors who had furnished goods to Livingston as Comptroller for the King's use (page 471).
VOL. v. /
Ixxxii PEEFACE.
steady resolve, like that of his father, to break the power of the great nobles, and supposes a deliberate plan to have been formed by him to crush both Livingstons and Douglases, and that by Kennedy's skilful management steps were taken against the former without seriously arousing the suspicions of the latter. If however Kennedy was the King's adviser as to the arrest, he was equally so a short time before, when James Livingston was invested v*^ith the office of Chamberlain ; and one cannot help suspecting that the arrest had really proceeded on some scheme by the Livingston faction, unfriendly to the Government, which had been brought to light between the two events, and of which, like many other transactions of this reign, no record has been preserved. Such a conjecture seems at least to be more probable than the arrest of six or seven members of a family for an act committed by three of them ten years before, which had been condoned by Parliament and by the Government then in power, and in pursuance of a settled purpose which it is difficult to reconcile with the later acts of this King's reign.
Whatever might previously have been the relations subsisting between the Earl of Douglas and the Livingston faction, the Great Seal Eegister informs us that Douglas was allowed to share to some extent in the spoils. By charter dated 22nd May 1449, Culter and Ogilface, part of the forfeited estate of Eobert Livingston, and
PPtEFACE.
Ixxxiii
Blairmakkis, forfeited by Dundas, were bestowed on him/ On the 10th February 1449-50 he had grants from the forfeited Dimdas estates, to the extent of half of Eclilin and Dalmeny and half of Dundas.'^ The Asloan manuscript tells us that, on the arrest of the Livingstons, the brother of the laird of Dundas threw himself into Dundas castle, and defended it successfully against the King for some weeks, and that when at last it was surrendered, a part of the provisions and stores in it were bestowed on the Earl of Douglas.^
About the same time Strathaven was erected into a burgh of barony in favour of Douglas ;* he obtained the marriage of his wife, Margaret of Douglas f and the rolls contain mention of a free gift to him of £27, 9s. 4d.'
At the same Parliament which attainted the Livingstons, the Bishops obtained, at their entreaty seconded by that of the Queen, a boon which successive Popes had at an earlier period in vain sought to gain for them, the privilege of bequeath- ing their personal estate/
On the 19th May 1450, the Queen had at Stirling Castle a prematurely born child, which lived but a few hours/
Mention is made in the Comptroller's account of
* Reg. Mag. Big., 1. iv. no. 30.
2 Ibid. 1. iv. nos. 59, 60.
3 Asloan ms. pp. 26, 43.
* Reg. Alag. Sig. 1. iv. no. 18.
^ Reg. Mag. Sig., 1. iv. no. 105.
6 Page 383.
^ Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, ii. p. 37. Preface to ** Concilia Scotiae," p. cv.
^ Asloan MS. pp. 2G, 43.
Ixxxiv PBEFACE.
1450 of a loan of £500 by William Lord Cricliton to the King ;^ and the Great Seal Eegister contains a charter to him, on 12th June of that year, of the lands of Castellaw in the sheriffdom of Edinburgh (to which there is an obscure allusion in the accounts of 1444), in reward for his faithful counsel and services to the King, and in recompense for .£2080, 14s. 6-|d. advanced for the expenses of the King's household, and for a loan of £400 to the King.^
The jubilee at Eome in 1450 attracted a great concourse of visitors from all parts of Christendom, not the least distinguished among whom was William Earl of Douglas. Setting sail for Flanders, probably about the month of November of that year, with James Master of Douglas, his brother and heir-presumptive, Lord Hamilton, and a train of knights, gentlemen, and attendants, such as befitted a sovereign prince rather than a subject of the Scottish Crown, he made his way through France to the papal city. At Eome he experienced a reception in correspondence with the state in which he travelled. An English safe-conduct for the whole party, which appears in the ^'Eotuli Scotise," of date 12th November 1450 and good for three years,^ was probably procured before their departure to enable them to return by England. On his arrival in England on his homeward journey, which must have occurred about the end of February or beginning of
1 Page 393. 2 Rgg. Mag. Sig., 1. iv. no. 34. ^ ^otuli Scotiae, ii. p. 343.
PREFACE. IxxxY
March, Douglas was received with honours beyond what might have been considered due to the sub- ject of a neighbouring state. Garter King of Arms was ordered to repair to the high seas to await his coming, as also to conduct him on his arrival to the King's presence, and to remain in attendance on him during his stay in England.^ This stay was of some duration, if Law's manuscript be right in stating that he returned to Scotland on 7th April. Bower's continuator says that Douglas returned " societate dispersa et habitu dissimulato," and his return w^as perhaps accelerated by events which were taking place at home. Disturbances had arisen during his absence in his territorial domains, whose administration he seems to have delegated to his youngest brother, John Douglas of Balveny. Law's manuscript, in which we have the only account of these proceedings on which it is possible to place any reliance,^ represents three of the
^ Pell Issue Rolls, 27 February 24 Henry vi. (1450-51).
2 The following is the passage in the manuscript in question relating to Douglas's visit to Rome and its result. As it has never before been printed, it is here given entire : —
"1450. Jubileum hoc anno fuit Rome, quo tanta hominum multi- tudo accessit quanta uncquani antca accesserat. Ubi Willelmus comes de oodem navigavit cum liccncia et regis Scotie benevolentia, accepit- que secura Jacobum fratrem suum magistrum de codcm, dominum de Hammiltone, et familiam magnam ac honestam valde. Qui se nobiliter
habuit in vestimentis, expensis, et omnibus factis suis ubique locorum. Quam ob rem a pontifice maximo ultra omnes peregrinos commendatus est. Attamen fama fuit, ut rei exitus comprobavit, quod Willelmus Trumbil, episcopus Glasguensis, W^illelmus Crechton, miles, et Georgius Crechton, cum suis, con- spirabant et affectabant mortem comitis de Douglass. Nam ex eorum consilio rex Jacobus secundus universa castra comitis obsedit et multos liberos tenentes de dicto comite occidit, reliquos ad suam pacem facto juramento accepit. Bed paulo post secundis afflatibus comos
Ixxxvi
PEEFACE.
ministers on whose advice James most relied, tlie two Crichtons and Bishop TurnbuU of Glaso^ow, as anxious to make what had occurred an excuse for entirely overthrowing the power of the Douglases. Acting on their advice the King besieged Douglas's strongholds, put many of his freeholders to death, and spared the rest on their taking the oath of fealty. The same authority tells us of an expedition of the King, immediately after Douglas's return, against Douglas Crag, a small fortress of the Earl's in Ettrick Forest, which he took and demolished.^
In the circumstances described it seems sur- prising to find the name of the Earl of Douglas, on 17th April 1451, as one of the commissioners sent to England to confer with the King of England's commissioners regarding certain viola- tions of the truce. ^ As Warden of the Marches, his name could perhaps not have been left out ; and an imperfect passage in the Asloan MS. seems to say in reference to this matter that the Earl did
de Douglas vij Aprilis Scotiam cum suis sospes ingreditur. Sed rex statitu exercitum contra comitem congregavit, mediis predictorum mortem comitis intendencium, et manu liostili ad Crag Douglass accessit, et accepto castro rex illud funditus evertebat."
^ Boece represents James as captur- ing the castles of Lochmaben and Douglas during the Earl's absence abroad, and then garrisoning the
former and razing the latter to the ground. Douglas Castle was, how- ever, as will be seen, still standing in 1452 ; and Lochmaben, with the rest of Annandale, was in the King's hands. Our historical romancer perhaps magnified the destruction of the tower on Douglas Crag on the Yarrow into the demolition of the principal stronghold of the family. ^ Rotuli Scotise, ii. p. 345.
PREFACE. Ixxxvii
not accompany the other commissioners, but sent his seal with them/
On 12th May 1451 an English safe-conduct, good for a year, was granted to the Earl of Douglas, his brothers Sir James, i\j-chibald Earl of Moray, and Hugh Earl of Ormond, with a company of knights and gentlemen as numerous as had accompanied him to Kome."^ Whether or not the Earl availed himself of this passport, his brother James did so. According to the Asloan manuscript he went to London, remained a long time there, was much made of, and was suspected of carrying on intrigues prejudicial to his country.^ Regarding the accuracy of these surmises the English records leave little room for doubt. On 11th December 1451, £13 were paid to Garter King of Arms, lately sent by the King's command to travel with Sir James Douc^las on his comino; to the Kinsf, to brino; the said James to the King's presence at Winchester, Salisbury, and elsewhere, and to bring him back to Scotland.*
Whether James had any certain knowledge of these traffickings with the Yorkist party, who were now uppermost in England, whether he hoped against hope that Douglas might yet be won over by kindness, or whether he felt himself unable to measure his strength with the Earl, we find Douglas,
^ Asloan MS. pp. 8, 44. 2 Rotuli Scoti«, ii. p. 346. ' Asloan Ms. ])p. 8, 44.
Pells Issue Rolls, 11th December
30 Henry vi.
Ixxxviii PREFACE.
at the Parliament which met at Edinburgh on the 25th June 1451, submitting himself to the King's mercy, and James, at the request of the Queen and the three Estates,^ restoring to him nearly the whole of his lands, including Galloway east of the Cree, which though in reality only his in right of his wife, was re-granted him with remainder, failing his issue male, to his brothers in succession. The offices of Warden of the Middle Marches and Sheriff of Lanark are included in these charters ; and some of the grants are declared valid notwith- standing the King's minority, and notwithstanding any crimes that may have been committed by Douglas and his predecessors.^ Four months later, in a Parliament held at Stirling, the Earldom of Wigtown, and Stewarton, which had been excluded in the charters of June (the former because life- rented by the Countess Margaret, daughter of Eobert iii.) were added to Douglas's domains ; and, in the case of Wigtown, as of East Galloway, the remainder, failing Douglas's issue male, was to his brothers in succession.^
On 10th July 1451 the Queen was delivered of a son, afterwards James iii.^ Two successive Inverkeithing accounts tell us of an inner garment
1 Asloan ms. pp. 8, 45.
^ Reg. Mag. Sig., 1. iv. nos. 145, 146, 147, 148, 217, 218, 222, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256 ; Acts of tlie Parlia- ments of Scotland, ii. pp. 67-71.
3 Reg. Mag. Sig., 1. iv. nos. 151,
152 ; Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, ii. p. 71.
^ 1452 is generally said to have been the year of the birth of James rii ; but, as pointed out by Mr Dickson in his preface to the Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer
PREFACE.
Ixxxix
of the sainted Queen Margaret, which was credited with vii'tues of a special kind and must have been among the treasures of Dumfermline Abbey, being brought to Mary of Gueldres in her confinement/ The Prince seems to have been born at Stirling while the King was at the Parliament at Edin- burgh, and the tidings were brought him by his faithful servant, Eobert Nory, to whom the King in reward for his news granted the lands of Ward of Gudy in Menteith and Queenshalch in the sheriff- dom of Stirling, by charter dated 1st June 1452.^ The baptism took place at St. Andrews, apparently some months later. Schorls wood, acting for the Comptroller, is credited, in his account extending from April 1452 to June 1453, with the expenses of the King's journey to St. Andrews to the baptism of the Prince.^
of Scotland, vol i p. xxxvii., his parliamentary revocation, on lOth July 1476, of Acts prejudicial to the Crown, shows that he had then, and probably on that very day, attained the age of twenty-five.
^ The account of the bailies of Inverkeithing, audited nine days after the Prince's birth, and going back to 9th June 1450, has a memo- randum appended to the effect that 6s. are to be allowed in the next year's account, " pronaulo Willelmi Crag, deferentis camisiam beate Margarete regine ad dominam nostrum reginam in suo puerperio infra tcmpus coinpoti" (l)age 447), and that sum is accordingly allowed at the following audit (page 512).
The "puerperium" was therefore the birth of James in., and not the premature confinement of 19th May 1450. "Sanct Margaretis sark" was put to the same use at the birth of James V. Like virtues were believed to attach to a shirt of St. Thomas of Canterbury preserved at Leicester. — Nichol's History of Leicestershire, i. p. 225. Preface to Accounts of Lords High Treasurer of Scotland, vol. i. p. Ixxiii.
^ Reg, Mag. Sig., 1. iv. no. 572. The rolls show Norry in actual pos- session of Ward of Gudy before Whit- sunday 1452. — Page 595. Queens- halch however was a new grant.
3 Page 607.
xc
PEEFACE.
At the same Parliament at wliicli the King gave his lands back to the Earl of Douglas, he also bestowed on the Earl of Crawford, " in recompense for his faithful services " certain lands in the earl- dom of Menteith forfeited by James Livingston/ James's actings to these two Earls, who were known to be in close alliance with each other, irresistibly suggest that he was not at that time thoroughly alive to the danger with which the Crown was threatened by the overgrown power of Douglas. He must at least have been unaware of the fact that a formal league, offensive and defensive, existed between the Earls of Douglas and Crawford against all men, not excluding the King. But the discovery a few months later of this treasonable compact, along with some unusually flagrant acts of lawlessness committed by Douglas,^ thoroughly roused the alarm and indignation of the King and his advisers. James, however, before resorting to extreme measures, seems to have been disposed to try the effect of a personal conference and remonstrance. On the 22nd of February 1451-2,
1 Eeg. Mag. Sig., 1. iv. no. 116.
2 These are said to have included an attempt to assassinate Lord Crichton, the harrying of the lands of Sir John Herries and hanging him in defiance of the King's command, incidents related by Boece and Hume of Godscrof t. The well-known story of the incarceration by Douglas of M'Lellan of Bomby for his loyalty to his sovereign, the mission by
James to Sir Patrick Gray to request him to surrender to him his prisoner, and the execution of M'Lellan by Douglas's orders while he was entertaining Gray to dinner, is first told by Lindsay of Pitscottie, being one of the few passages in his account of this reign which are not copied from Boece. It has a waisemblance that disposes one to accept it as true.
PllEFACE.
xci
under the security of a safe-conduct to visit the King at Stirling Castle, and after he had been courteously received and had dined and supped, James requested him to withdraw to a private chamber, where he be^ijan to remonstrate ao^ainst his illegal confederacy, and charge him to l)reak it. Douo-las havinof answered with insolence, mutual reproaches followed, and the interview ended with James, in the heat of passion, stabbing the Earl with his poniard. The courtiers rushing in, seconded the Kings blow with repeated strokes, and Douglas fell, pierced with twenty-six wounds.
The Earl of Eoss is said to have been a party to the league with Crawford which cost Douglas his life. We do not know on any sufficient authority the date of the bond ; but it seems more likely that the third party to it was Alex- ander Lord of the Isles and Earl of Eoss, who figured so prominently in the reign of James i., than his minor son. Earl John, who succeeded him in May 1449.^ But some pro- ceedings of Earl John, nearly synchronous with Douglas's death, and narrated in the Asloan manuscript, require a brief notice, in respect of a few glimpses of light thrown on them by the Exchequer rolls.
^According to the "Breve Cronicle of the Earles of Ross," Earl Alex-
ander was buried at the Chanonry of Ross, on the 8th of May H49.
XCll
PEEFACE.
Joliii Earl of Eoss, who, according to modern liistorians and genealogists, succeeded in mature age,^ was in reality not quite fifteen years old when his father died.^ The King, in the exercise of his right under the casualty of marriage, selected as wife for the boy-earl a daughter of James Livingston younger of Callander, pro- mising a suitable fortune with her. The marriage took place ; but the disgrace and attainder of the Livingstons speedily followed, and the King had failed to keep his word as to the lady's portion.^ His own private grievance, rather than the news of Douglas's death, which could scarcely have reached these northern parts, seems to have impelled the young Earl in March 1451-2 to take possession of the castles of Inverness, Urquhart, and Euthven in Badenoch,
1 Gregory (Highlands and Isles of Scotland, p. 55) calls him "The aged Lord of the Isles " in 1490, when he could only have been fifty- six.
2 There is frequent mention in the accounts of 1450, 1451, and 1452, of lands being in ward by the death of the Earl of Eoss (pages 393, 394, 462, 516). In September 1456 the bailie of Carrick debits himself with £10 as relief due from the lands of Grennane by the Earl of Ross when sasine was given him, and the fermes are received for the last time by the Crown at Whitsunday 1455 (vol. vi. page 236). Similarly, in the account of the sheriff of Aberdeen for the three
years preceding September 1456, it is stated that, while the lands of KynedAvard have been in ward for those three years, John Earl of Ross, though a minor, has been allowed entry to them (vol. vi. page 159). The age thus proved of Earl John makes it clear that Celestine and Hugh, the ancestors of Loch- alsh and Sleat, could not possibly have been his younger lawful brothers.
3 It was perhaps in connexion with this matter that 20s. were allowed, in the Mar account rendered in July 1451, to John Schethow riding to Inverness to the Earl of Ross on the King's affairs. — Page 465.
PEEFACE. xciii
and demolish the last-named fortress.^ His father-in-law, Livingston, who had made his peace with the King, on news of these proceedings escaped — we are told — from Holyrood to the High- lands, and was placed in command of Urquhart, alleoino; that he had the Kino-'s '* writ and walx " appointing him keeper of the castle for three years. And instead of James taking prompt measures against Eoss and Livingston, we find this irregular mode of enforcing the King's promise — in respect, perhaps, that the King was in the wrong, and the principal actor in it a youth of seventeen — quietly condoned. Livingston receives his fee as keeper of Inverness Castle for the three years ending Whitsunday 1454, that is from Martinmas 1451,^ and, some time before July 1454,^ he is reinstated in the office of Great Chamberlain, which he had held at the time of his forfeiture.
V.
Manifest as was Douglas's treason, his assassina- tion by the King when under the protection of a
^ Asloan ms,, pp. 15, 43. Tytler and Gregory date these proceedings in March 1451 (according to modem computation), tliat is, a year earlier than as here rehited. Inverness and Urquhart are said in the Asloan ms. to have been cap- tured in "March 1451," which would most naturally mean INI arch 1451-2 ; and if in the second part of the printed chronicle, the
order of the entries rather sug- gests the date assumed by Tytler, no such inference can be drawn from the same entries as printed verbatim in the first part. The rolls indicate that Sir Thomas Ogilvy continued keeper of Inver- ness and Urquhart castles dowTi to July 1451.— Pages 380, 405, 421, 441.
2 Page 639. ' Page 609.
xciv PEEFACE.
safe-conduct was an act utterly indefensible, and calculated greatly to lower the estimation in which James was beginning to be held both at home and abroad. With Douglas's friends it obliterated the memory of many acts of forbearance and generosity ; and it was the signal of an armed rising of the Earl's relations and retainers, and of those of his confederate the Earl of Crawford.
The heir to the earldom of Douglas, James, immediate younger brother of Earl William, had been originally intended for the Church, if he did not actually become a churchman. He was a twin with Archibald Earl of Moray, and the seniority of the two brothers being doubtful, they entered on 25th April 1447 into an indenture to let the matter be decided by their mother and elder brother ; and the result was a finding, which was confirmed under the Great Seal of date 9th January 1449-50, that James was the senior.-^ Before this date, in an account audited 18th July 1449, James is called " Master of Douglas";^ and he distinguished himself, as already mentioned, at a tournament held shortly before the King's marriage.
James, now Earl of Douglas, arriving at Stirling on 27th March 1452 with his brother Hugh Earl of Ormond, James Lord Hamilton, and a force of about one hundred men, blew twenty-four horns as
1 Eeg. Mag. Sig., 1. iv. no. 95. 2 page 347.
ITtEFACE.
xcv
an act of feudal defiance ; after which they dragged the Kino;'s safe-conduct at a horse's tail throuoh the streets, and burned and pillaged the town. They seem then to have laid siege to Dalkeith, which, though the property of a Douglas, was held for the Crown, and on being repulsed from this castle, to have wasted the surrounding country/ The King, who on the 12th of iVpril had despatched a mes- senger to the French Court to explain the circum- stances of Douglas's death,^ made his way to Perth, with the intention of joining the Earl of Huntly, who, as his lieutenant, was marching against Craw- ford. But on the 18th of May, before he could accomplish this, Huntly and Crawford encountered each other near Brechin, where a hotly contested action ended in the total route of Crawford's force. ^ While Huntly was thus engaged, Douglas's brother, Archibald Earl of Moray, had been harrying his lands of Strathbogie, after which Huntly in turn revenged himself by laying waste the province of Moray. ^
Parliament was summoned to meet at Edinburgh on the 12th of June 1452. Douglas, who had gone
^ The burning of Dalkeith was one of the acts charged against Douglas in 1455, lUit that it took place exactly at this date appears to rest only on the au- thority of Boece and Hume of Godscroft.
2 Stevenson's Letters and Docu- ments illustrative of the Wars
of the English in France, i. p. 315.
3 Asloan ms., pp. 27, 47.
^ One would wish to have better authority for these events, or at least for their date, then Boece and Hunio of Godscroft, by whom the occur- rences of 1452 and 1454 are inex- tricably mixed up.
XCVl
PEEFACE.
so far as to oflfer liis homage to the King of Eng- land,^ had a cartel of defiance to James, under his seal and those of Ormond and Hamilton, placarded by night on the door of the hall where the Estates met.^ Parliament formally justified the slaughter of the late Earl of Douglas, in respect that he had renounced his allegiance, and his treason was manifest.^ The Earl of Crawford was attainted/ Sir James Crichton of Frendraught, eldest son of the Chancellor, was, the Asloan manuscript tells us, '' beltit Earl of Moray. ^" Sir George Crichton the admiral, was belted Earl of Caithness ; Lord Hay was belted Earl of Erroll f and various
1 Rotali Scotise, ii. p. 358.
2 Asloan ms,, pp. 10, 48.
3 Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, ii. p. 73.
* Asloan ms., pp. 10, 48.
5 Asloan ms., pp. 11, 49. If the standing investiture of the Earldom of Moray was still that of 1371-2 (Keg. Mag. Sig., p. 88), his wife was fZ^yitre Countess of Moray, and had, through the Douglas influence, been supplanted by her younger sister; but it seems more probable that there had been an intervening resig- nation and re-grant, not now extant or on record, in favour of heirs male,
• Belting, or " cinctura gladii, " by the sovereign, was, in Scotland as elsewhere, a usual ceremony on the erection of a new earldom, regarding which we have abundance of extant evidence. An earl was often said to be "made" earl at the time when he was belted (as in the case of the Earl of Crawford, vol. iii. page 460) ; but it is an entire misapprehension
to suppose that an earl was ever made by belting alone. Belting was an inaugural ceremony which pre- supposed a written charter. The contrary hypothesis, which at one time received some support from the dicta of one or two English law lords in Scottish Peerage Claims, is irreconcilable with facts, and origin- ally suggested itself as a mode of explaining the circumstance that, while our records abound in original charters of ' ' comitatus " to persons who immediately afterwards are designed earls, in scarcely any of these is the title of earl specifically mentioned ; and that neither in the records nor in any private charter- chest has a patent or charter of the dignity of earl been ever seen of an earlier date than 1600, when James VI., anticipating the near prospect of the opening to him of the English succession, bestowed in English fashion the title of Earl of Winton by patent on Lord Seton. The true
PKEFACE. xcvii
barons who had given active support to the Crown were rewarded with lands or with the dignity of a Lord of Parliament.
A summons had been issued for an army to assemble on Pentland Muir immediately after the Parliament ; and James, at the head of a force of 30,000 men, marched southwards, according to the Asloan ms.,^ to Peebles, Selkirk, Dumfries, and other sundry parts, doing no good, but destroying corn and orchards, and harrying the lands of many who were the King's friends. This expedition had nevertheless other results besides those here com- memorated. A copy has been preserved^ of a written Act of Submission by the Earl of Douglas, dated at Douglas, 28th August 1452, and signed by him and Hamilton, in which he binds himself, inter alia, to return to his allegiance, to renounce all rancour against those who had a hand in his brother's death, to do his duty as March Warden, and take no steps to recover the earldom of
explanation, which forces itself on every student of Scottish records who takes the subject up from the historical side, is that the dignity of an earl is in all cases included in the grant of "coraititus," whether specified or not. It may be further remarked that the belting theory, were it otherwise tenable, would fail as an explanation of the fact that after a re-grant of the "comitatus" following on a resignation in favour of a new line of heirs, though there has been no express conveyance of the dignity, the new heir becomes
an earl. There has never been supposed to be any belting in such cases.
Occasionally, for the sovereign's convenience, the belting preceded in date, instead of following the charter.
1 Asloan MS., pp. 11, 49.
' It is in Sir Lewis Stewart's Collection in the Advocates' Library ; was first brought to light in Ruddi- man's Notes to Buchanan's History, and is printed at length in the Illustrations to vol. iv. of Tytler's History of Scotland.
VOL. V. g
xcviii PKEFACE.
Wigtown or lordship of Stewarton till these are voluntarily restored by the Queen.
A little light is thrown on the details of James's progress by the accounts audited in 1453. William Lauder of Haltoun or Hatton, had been one of the brilliant company of knights and gentlemen who accompanied the Earl of Douglas to Eome ; he is also associated with him in the passport of 12th May already alluded to. Accord- ing to the Asloan MS., he was the messenger by whom James sent his safe-conduct to the late Earl of Douglas, and it was he who had conducted Douglas into the King's presence.^ He had pro- bably been selected for the office as being known to be a friend of Douglas. That a sentence of for- feiture then stood against him, and that he soon afterwards died, appears from a charter, granted on 18th April 1452, to the Queen, of the castle and lands of Haltoun and others forfeited by the late William Lauder.^ On the King's march south- wards he found the tower of Hatton held out, probably by Lauder's representative, against him. In the notices of the siege, one of the otherwise unmentioned incidents of that expedition, the rolls tell us not only of the construction of a " sow," but of the King's great bombard being brought
^ Asloan MS., pp. 9, 48.
= Reg. Mag. Sig., 1. iv. no. 272. No Parliament had been held be- tween Douglas's death and the 12th
June following, Lauder's forfeiture must therefore have preceded his employment by James to communi- cate with Douglas.
PEEFACE.
XCIX
into use.^ Sir Alexander Hume, then one of the March Wardens, is provided with victuals and shafts of lances, for the defence of the house of Hume, at an expense of £20.^ We have bowstaves purchased from Dutchmen and sent to the King's wardrobe at Edinburgh Castle, and twenty-eight ells of English cloth at 1 5s. the ell furnished to the King's archers.^ Alan Coltart is paid £5 as guide to the King and his host.^
So completely had the King taken Douglas back into favour, that he became a consenting party to a step taken by Douglas to make his title to his Galloway possessions more secure, namely, his marriage with the " Fair Maid of Galloway," his brother's widow f and Douglas was,
* A grey horse is sent from Fife to the King when engaged with the siege of Haltoun (page 538). £48, 15s. 6d. are allowed for four carriages prepared for the transport of the King's great bombard, for stones for said bombard, for weapons (telis) and arrows, for making a smithy, and manufacture of bows, and of a " sow," for the siege of the house of Haltoun, with fees of artizans and work people engaged in making these instruments, by order of Alexander Naper, master of the works (page 606). Under an entry of £195, 9s, 5d. in the same account are conjoined the following charges : payments to men and horses at the time of the siege ; for iron helmets called sallets for the King's servants and archers ; for pitcli, tar, carriages for conveyance of timber, fees and
expenses of masons and carpenters at the tower of Haltoun ; to couriers sent Avith precepts of Parliament, Council General and Exchequer, and letters to assemble the King's host ; for the King's expenditure at play (in ludis et disportis), and outlay in connexion with the King's journey to St. Andrews to the baptism of the Prince (page 607).
2 Page 607.
3 Page 607.
4 Page 615.
' For this marriage a dispensa- tion was procured on 26th February 1452-3, which bore to be granted at the King's request. For the special circumstances under which such an alliance came to receive the papal sanc- tion reference is made to the dispen- sation, as printed in Andrew Stuart's History of the Stewarts, p. 444).
c PREFACE.
on 18th, April 1453, appointed commissioner to conclude a truce with England/
While Boece and the historians who borrow from him are silent as to Douglas's submission, they narrate in great detail a progress of James north- wards in the spring of 1453, to receive the sub- mission of the Earl of Crawford, which was tendered with every conceivable outward token of contrition ; and the Earl, it is said, after being restored to his estates, became devotedly loyal to James. He had, however, but short time to evince the sincerity of his repentance, as his death occurred in the autumn of the same year.^ The Asloan MS. makes no
1 Rotuli Scotise, ii. p. 367.
2 Boece gives 1454 as the year of Crawford's death. In the Asloan MS. he is said to have died in September 1454, a date which has been altered in the reprint to 1453. This editorial correction is war- ranted by an entry in the account of the chamberlain of the King's lands north of Dee, rendered in July 1454, to the effect that Auchterellon was in ward by Crawford's death at the two terms of the account, namely Martinmas 1453 and Whit- sunday 1454 (page 653). It must be supposed that the payments made to the Earl by the custumars of Dundee and Aberdeen corresponding to these terms (the latter " by compulsion") were exacted in advance from the first customs in their hands (pages 628, 630).
An Act of the first Parliament of James i., directing that no payments should in future be made from the customs and burgh mails to any who
could not show the King's writ for them, swept away nearly all the yearly payments which figure so prominently in the burgh rolls of Robert ii., Robert iii., and the regencies ; almost the sole exception being an annuity of 100 marks from the customs of Dundee paid to Alexander second Earl of Crawford, for whose j)ayment the King, on being satisfied that it was a here- ditary pension originally conceded by Robert Bruce, issued a precept (vol. iv. page 531). But no sooner was James i. dead than this Earl, and his son and successor Earl David, began, in addition to the 100 marks alluded to, to receive or exact annual payments amounting in all to 219 marks, namely, 19 marks from the fermes of Banfi" (page 325), 100 marks from the customs and £4 from the fermes of Aberdeen, and 40 marks from the customs of Montrose. There are continual protests in the accounts that these
PEEFACE.
ci
allusion to his penitence and submission, and in chronicling his death, describes him as '* a rigorus man and ane felloun," who " held all Angus in his bandoun, and was richt inobedient to the King."^ The fact however that his attainder was reversed before his death does not seem to admit of doubt.
Various particulars occur in the accounts about an episode which deserves a few words of explana- tion, were it only for the characteristic light thrown
sums are not due, and have been ] extorted by violence ; and this is especially the case in the payments from the Montrose customs, repre- senting an annuity personal to the first Earl of Crawford, who died in 1398, which had never been received by the second Earl during the whole period of the Albany regencies, when claims of the kind were so readily admitted. The 100 marks from the customs of Aberdeen, which under Albany had been con- tinued to the second Earl, was in its origin personal to his father, granted for his life only, and for retinue to Robert in. and David Duke of Rothesay.
These annual payments went on during the whole time of Alexander fourth Earl ; and, though often asserted to be made illegally, were allowed by the auditors, sometimes with the saving addition " con- sulendus est rex " (page 283), or the qualifying "do quibus respondebit" (pages 341, 378). In the case of the Montrose payments the form was adhered to of keeping them uj) as an increa.sing debt against the Earl (pages 115, 131, 153, 301, 316) ; but in 1449 these arrears are alluded to
as a hopeless debt (page 340), and in later accounts they disappear.
After the death of the fourth Earl there are a few partial payments in the Aberdeen and Montrose accounts to the guardian of the infant heiry Walter Lindsay of Beaufort, and the widowed Countess (vol. vi. pages 24, 42, 304, 586); but these are soon discontinued, and the King is stated to have torn up the mandate which he had granted authorizing them. At the Martinmas term o 1452, we find the Earl receiving all his annuities as usual, though he was of course then an attainted felon.
Tlie " Tiger Earl " had a pursui- vant named after the family motto, " Endure," to whom we find annual payments made of £10 from the customs and £3, 6s. 8d. from the fermes of Aberdeen, from the term following the Earl's death down to the death of James ii., generally said to be "ex gracia," or by the King's mandate till recalled (pages 630,639; vol. vi. i)agesl29, 135,301, 320, 404, 501, 510, 593, 602). In the early part of the reign of James III., he receives the same annuities as " Lyndesay herald."
' Asloan Ms. pp. 17, 51.
cu
PEEFACE.
by it on the condition of the settled parts of Scot- land even in an interval of comparative tranquillity, — the siege of Blackness. It is alluded to in the Asloan MS., in a passage ranked by the editor under the year 1455, but which the accounts shew to belong to 1453.
Sir George Crichton the Admiral, of whom men- tion has been already Inade, had acquired over and above his paternal estate of Cairns in Mid- lothian, the lands of Barnton in the same county, with Blackness and other possessions in Linlithgow- shire, through the relations of his second wife, Janet Borthwick, the widow of James Douglas Lord Dalkeith, whose first wife was sister of James iii.^ The King had in addition bestowed on him lands in Annandale,^ and an extensive territory in Caith- ness, resigned by the elder daughter of the last Dunbar Earl of Moray, and her husband, the Chan- cellor Crichton's son.^ At the Parliament of June 1452 he was, as has been seen, belted Earl of Caithness, and immediately afterwards his whole lands in southern parts were, on his resignation, annexed to the earldom of Caithness, and re-granted to him and his assignees} Though he had a son by his first marriage, and a daughter Janet the
^ Charter of Barnton, the Wra, etc., on resignation of Nicholas Borthwick, dated 1 April 1450. Keg. Mag. Sig., 1. iv. no. 13.
2 Charter of Tybberis, dated 27 Feb. 1450-1. Reg. Mag. Sig., 1. iv. »0. 242.
^ Charter of Brathwel, Dun- beath, etc., dated 26 April 1452,
Mag. Sig., 1. iv.
no.
Reg. 274.
4 Charter of 8th July 1452, Reg. Mag. Sig., 1. iv. no. 292.
PREFACE. ciji
issue of his second wife, he chose as assignee the King, into whose hands his newly got earldom seems to have been resigned, without even reserving his ow^n liferent.^ This destination was so far modified in January 1452-3, that Barnton was, on his and his wife's resignation, settled on the daughter alluded to.^ In the month of May 1453 the son thus excluded took violent possession of Blackness Castle, and incarcerated his father there ; on which the King, on behalf of the Earl, laid siege to that fortress, which capitulated, the Asloan MS. says, after a siege of nine or ten days.^ The entries in the Exchequer rolls seem to indicate that the siege lasted twice that period, and tell us further that not the King only, but the Queen, was present, and that the place was invested by sea. One Laurence Poke was paid £12 for his services and those of his ship and his sailors for twenty days at the siege.* There is no express mention of the use of ordnance ; but twelve stone of iron at a cost of 32s. w^ere provided by the cus-
1 He almost immediately ceases j the Lord of Dalkeith, and therefore to be designed Earl of Caithness ; j illegitimate. "Filia naturalis" may and almost before his death we read not in every case mean an illegi-
of the King's chamberlain north of the Dee letting the lands of the earldom of Caithness (vol. vi. page 70).
- Charter of 12th January 1452-3, Reg. Mag. Sig., 1. iv. no. 118. Janet seems to have been a daughter of the Earl and Countess of Caithness, born before or during tlie subsistence of the marriage of the latter with
timate daughter ; but the persistent way in which Janet is so called in this charter, in addition to her being brought in after the "lawful " children of the same marriage, leads unavoidably to the conclusion that such is the meaning of the phrase in the present instance.
'^ Asloan ms. pp. 13, 54.
4 Page 610.
civ PEEFACE.
tumars of Linlithgow/ £10. 13s. lOd. were allowed to the custumars of Edinburgh for barrels (pipe) nnd other instruments purchased by them and sent by sea to Blackness.^ Bows were sent to Blackness "ad usum regine;"^ 36s. were allowed for the keeper of the Queen's horses at Stirling during the siege ;* furnishings to the King's household were sent to Blackness by the Comptroller f and the King's Serjeant, in his account of the Crown pro- perty around Linlithgow, was allowed 53s. 4d. for his great labours and expenses at the siege.^ When the place at last capitulated, it was on the condition that the crown lands of Strathurd should be made over to the younger Crichton, as the price of his renouncing all claim to the lands which his father had acquired in Lothian.
On the death of the Earl (or ex-Earl) of Caith- ness, which occurred the following year, such of his lands as had not already been resigned to the King reverted to the Crown, with the exception of Cairns and Strathurd, which were inherited by his son, and Barnton and Tibberis, which continued in possession of the daughter already alluded to and her descendants. That lady married in 1454 John, son and apparent heir of Robert Lord Maxwell, when she had a charter of Tibberis from her father.^
The difficulty of understanding why Douglas,
1 Page 623. j ^ pg.^^ g23.
2 Page 610. \ Page 649.
^ Page 616. ^" The castle and chief messuage
^ Page 674. 1 of Tibberis are said to be Crown
PREFACE.
cv
after having been restored to favour and to his territorial position, should again have conspired and rebelled against his sovereign, has led some modern historians to conceive that he literally aspired to the Scottish Crown, and to frame un- tenable genealogical hypotheses regarding the ground of his supposed claim. He however only aimed at the sovereignty of Scotland in the sense of being the most powerful person in the realm. The allegiance of the Earl of Douglas, and of some of the other chief mao-nates who had rio^hts of regality, was hardly more than nominal. They had their barons w^ho held of them, their heralds and pursuivants, their councils of retainers analogous to the Parliament of the nation ; and they chafed at any interference with their acts by the King, whose authority they were on all occasions dis- posed to weaken. Taking into account the potent influence of family feuds, we cannot wonder if Douglas would balance in his own mind the injuries and mortifications inflicted on his family durinfi^ the course of the reio;n against his restora- tion to favour in 1452. His elder brother had been assassinated by the King's hand ; his younger brother had been deprived by the King of the earldom of Moray ; Wigtown and Stewarton were in the Queen's hands ; and he perhaps considered
property in 1456 (vol. vi. page 169). Wra is said to be in the possession of the Crown in 1457 by cxcanibion
with the late Sir George Crichton {ibid.y pagi^s 321, 439).
CVl
PREFACE.
that he had a right to Annandale.^ He might seriously doubt whether James's pardon was sincere, or whether, when the King of Scots felt strong enough, he might not make another effort to crush his power. Douglas's distrust of James was studiously fostered by the party who had the upper hand in England, by whom he was flattered and feted, as Earl William had been before him. As the aggressions by our countrymen on England were often committed at the instigation of France and to serve her purposes, so England at that time did what it could to make the Douglases a thorn in the side of the King of Scots.
In the month of May 1453,^ the Asloan MS. tells us, Douglas paid a visit to the young Earl of Eoss in Knapdale, and bestowed on him and his people handsome presents of wine, silk, and English cloths, receiving gifts of fur in return ; and it was afterwards believed that the predatory expedition which followed, in which Douglas took no
1 In a safe-conduct from the King of England, dated 22nd May 1453, he is designed "Jacobum comitem de Douglas, de Wigtone, et de An- nandale, dominum de Gal way. — Rotuli Scotiee, ii. p. 362. Possibly however "Annandale" is only a scribe's mistake for Avondale (Au- andale). The resemblance of these two words as written is apt to be misleading.
2 Asloan MS., pp. 13, 54, 55. The naval raid of Donald Balloch certainly belongs to 1453 and not 1455. The three paragraphs in the
chronicle alluded to, relating to Douglas's interview with the Earl of Ross, the siege of Blackness, and the raid of Donald of the Isles, are evidently intended to be read con- secutively. The first is dated " 12th May ' without any year ; the second, " that same month and year;" the third, ' ' the said year the tenth day of July." They are all therefore descriptive of events of the same year ; and the references to the siege of Blackness in the Exchequer accounts leave no doubt that that year was 1453.
PEEFACE. cvii
ostensible part, had Ijeen secretly contrived at this meeting. In July the naval force of the Isles, including a hundred galleys and five or six thousand men under command of Donald Balloch of Isla, who had in the previous reign caused considerable disturbances in the Highlands, and having with them, it was said, an illegitimate son of the fifth Earl of Douglas, landed at Innerkip in Eenfrewshire, and began the work of burning and plunder. Thence they passed over to the Cum- brays and afterwards to Arran, where they took Brodick Castle, levelled it to the ground, and carried off a considerable booty, exacting tribute in money, malt, and marts from the inhabitants of Bute. The slaughter, however, was small in proportion to the force engaged.^ No direct mention occurs in the accounts of Bute and Arran of this harrying or fine ; but the fee of the keeper of Brodick Castle, which is a regularly recurring item from 1444 to 1453, ceases in succeeding years. The aged and experienced Chancellor, AVilliam Lord Crichton, who was alive at the audit of July
1453, died before that of July 1454.^ In August
1454, according to the Asloan MS. died Sir George Crichton (the ex-Earl of Caithness) at Edinburgh, and " Schir James Lord of Crechtoun decessit at Dunbar, and it was haldin fra the Kins: a little quhile, and syne gevin till him." ^ James has here
^ Asloan Ms., pp. 13, 55. '^ Page 611. ' Asloan MS., pp. 17, 52.
CVlll
PEEFACE.
been not unnaturally thought to be a clerical slip for William ; but this supposition is not borne out by the Exchequer accounts, which indicate that while the Chancellor was dead before the date given by the chronicler, his son James Lord Crichton, who is said in the Peerages to have survived till 1469, outlived his father but a very short time, and was dead before Martinmas 1454/
Of the same date we are told of certain disturb ances in Annandale, caused by a family afterwards prominent in that district. Soon after Annandale became crown demesne, John Carruthers of Mous- wald had been appointed keeper of the fortress of Lochmaben, and had an annuity of apparently about £40 paid him, partly from the fermes of the burgh of Dumfries, and partly from those of Annandale.^ He is also mentioned as the receiver of large payments for the household expenses on the occasion of visits of the King and Queen to Lochmaben.^ In August 1454, according to the Asloan MS.,^ the castle was betra3^ed by the treachery of the porter to the two sons of the laird of Johnston, who imprisoned Carruthers, his sons and his friends, and took possession of the fortress ; and the King, to the general astonishment, allowed Johnston's sons to retain the keeping of the castle
^ Vol. vi, , page 142. Various lands in Annandale are said to be in ward in 1456 and 1457 by liis death. — Ibid., pages 273, 446, 447.
2 Pages 239, 284, 323, 349, 357, 442, 511, 521, 561, 632, 670.
3 Pages 521, 670.
* Asloan MS., pp. 17, 52.
PlIEFACE. cix
" to his profit." Accordingly, in the accounts of 1455, we find Herbert Johnston receiving the fees formerly paid to Carruthers/ and the year following the keeper is Sir Andrew Stewart, after- wards Lord Avondale.^ g. b.
1 Vol. vi., pp. 26, 62. « Vol. vi., p. 274.
APPENDIX TO PREFACE.
The subjoined Table will enable the reader of any work in which the rolls in the present volume are quoted by the old number to find the passage. The rolls numbered CLXXXi and CLXXXVii in this volume, having been only recently brought to light, and having no previous number, do not appear in this list.
|
Old Number. |
New- Number. |
Old Number. |
New Number. |
|
CLXXXVIII. |
CLXXVI. |
CCIII. |
CXCII. |
|
CLXXXIX. |
CLXXVII. |
CCIV. |
cxcv. |
|
CXC. |
CLXXIX. |
CCV. |
CXCIV. |
|
CXCI. |
CLXXVIII. |
CCVL |
CXCVIL |
|
CXCII. |
CLXXX. |
CCVIL |
CXCVL |
|
CXCIII. |
CLXXXIII. |
CCVIII. |
CXCIX. |
|
CXCIV. |
CLXXXII. |
CCIX. |
CXCVIII. |
|
cxcv. |
CLXXXIV. |
CCX. |
CCL |
|
CXCVI. |
CLXXXV. |
CCXL |
CC. |
|
CXCVII. |
CLXXXVI. |
CCXII. |
CCIII. |
|
CXCVIII. |
CLXXXVIII. |
CCXIII. |
CCIL |
|
CXCIX. |
CLXXXIX. |
CCXV. |
CCV. |
|
cc. |
CXCL |
CCXVL |
CCIV. |
|
CCI. |
CXC. |
CCXVII. |
CCVIL |
|
ecu. |
CXCIII. |
CCXVIII. |
CCVL |
THE EXCHEQUER ROLLS OE SCOTLAND.
A.D. 1437-1454.
IIOTULI SCACCARII REGUM SCOTORUM.
CLXXVI. [CLXXXVITL]
COMPUTA CUSTUMARIORUM ET BALLIVORUM
BURGORUM.
A.D. 1437.
[Computum] David Panitere et David Rukbi, custumari- [Monrose.] orum burgi de Monrose, redditum apud Strivelyne die vicesimo quinto mensis [Julii anno] etc. tricesimo septimo, de omnibus receptis suis et expensis per custumam dicti burgi a septimo die mensis Julii anni etc. tricesimi sexti [usque in diem] hujus computi.
[lidem onerant se,] in primis, de xlv s. viij d., per arreragia ultimi computi sui, ut patet in pede ejusdem. Et de xxxvj It. iij s. vj d. o'b., debitis per quondam [Johannem FauconerJ alias custumarium dicti burgi, que 2)endebant in compotis diversorum annorum precedencium. 8umma arreragiorum, xxxv li. ix s. ij d. ob.
monete provenientibus de custuma duarum lastarum duarum petrarum lane, carcatarum in una nave [apud portum] de Montrosse per tempus compoti. Et de xiij s. iiij d. antique monete, de custuma centum pellium lanutarum. Et de xxv s. ij d., [de custuma] tres- centarum nonaginta et trium pellium dictarum schorlingis. Et de viij s. xj d., de custuma ducentarum et octoginta pellium [dictarum] futefellis. Et de iij s. de custuma tres- centarum pellimn (lictjiruin Icntriiiwarc. El de vj H. xij s., VOL. v. A
2 EOTULI SCACCAEII 1437.
de custuma duarum lastarum novem [dacrarum] quinque coriorum, carcatorum ut supra per idem tempus. Et de X s. V d., per custumam panni lanei exportati de regno apud [portum] predictum per idem tempus. Summa hujus oneris, xxxvj H. viij s. v d., antique monete, que faciunt xliij H. xiiij 3. j d. Summa totalis oneracionis cum arre- ragiis, Ixxix H. vj s. iij d. o'b.
Expense eorundem. In primis, allocate computantibus pro feodis suis de summa oneracionis predicta, preter arreragia, xij s. j d. dh. Et [tronatori pro] feodo suo de summa lane ponderate, xx d. Et allocate per solucionem factam magistro Willelmo de Fowlis, per literam [domini regis] moderni sub signeto ostensam super compotum, xl li. Summa hujus expense, xl li. xiij s. ix d. ob. Et sic restant xxxviij H. De quibus, soluti magistro Willelmo Fowlis, custodi privati sigilli, pro debitis regis, Iviij s. Summa hujus allocacionis patet. Et sic restant xxxv H. xj s. vj d. [De quibus] pendent triginta tres libre tres solidi sex denarii cum obolo, debiti per quondam Johannem Fauconer, alias custumarium. Summa hujus pendencie patet. Et sic restant xlvij s. xj d. ob. De [qua, solvit] magistro Willelmo Fowlis, custodi privati sigilli, recipienti super compotum, ij s. iij d., de quibus respondebit. Et sic debent [ij M. vs.] viij d. ob.
[Strive- [Computum] Alexandri Guide et Johannis Kicardi, custu-
lyne.] mariorum burgi de Strivelyne, redditum vicesimo die Juhi
anno Domini etc. tricesimo septimo, [de omnibus receptis]
suis et expensis a secundo die mensis Julii anni etc. tri-
cesimi sexti usque in diem hujus compoti.
[lidem oner ant se, in primis, de] xxiiij li. xiij s. iiij d., de custuma unius laste octo saccorum et duodecim petrarum lane, carcatarum ad portum de [Strivelyne per] idem tempus. Et de v li. xiij s. v d., de custuma octingentarum sexaginta unius pellium lanutarum, carcatarum [ut supra. Et de] iiij li. iiij s. viij d. mille ducentarum et octuaginta pellium dictarum schorlingis, carcatarum ut supra. Et
mille et centum pellium dictarum scaldynes et futfellis, carcatarum ut supra. Et de iij H. de
1437. EEGUM SCOTOEUM. 3
custuma triginta pelliiim [dictarum lentrinware], carca- tarum ut supra. Et de xxi K. xvj s., de custuma octo lastarum trium dacrarum et quinque cori'iorum, carcatorum ut supra. Et de . . custumam panni lanei
carcati ad dictum portum et exportati de regno per idem tempus. Summa totalis oneracionis, lix H. ij s. iiij d. antique monete, que se extendunt in nova ad Ixxli. xviij s. ix d. o15.
[Expense] eorundem. In primis, allocate computantibus pro.feodo suo de summa oneracionis predicta, xix s. viij d. Et tronatori, [pro feodo suo de summa] lane ponderate, xviij d. ot). Et capellano celebranti ad altare Sancte Laurencii in ecclesia parochiali de [Strivelyne, percipient! per annum] viginti solidos de custuma dicti burgi ex elemo- sina regis antiqua, de anno compoti, sub periculo com- putancium . . smigmate ad usum altaris
capelle castri de Strivelyne in absencia regis et regine per idem tempus . . . ne de mandato
domini regis literatorio sub signeto et data decime octave diei mensis Decembris ultimo . . . litera
ipsius vicecomitis de recepto, xH. Et pro sex ulnis panni nigri lanei ad mensas scaccarii . . bus per- gamini ad rotulos scaccarii et quaterno papiri, et linio panno ad fenestram domus ipsius . . ernis papiri, liberatis Thome Clerk ad usum domini regis, xxvii j s. iiij d. Summa expensarum, xv H. xiiij s. vj d. ob. Et sic restant Iv K. iiij s. iij d. . . compotat et
liberat . dicto Alexandro Guide, alteri compotancium, magistro fabrice castri de Strivelyne ad
a in compoto dicte fabrice respondebit.
[Compotum Alexandri Guide,] magistri fabrice castri de Stryvelyne, redditum ibidem xxviij^ die mensis Julii anni etc. tricesimi [septimi, de omnibus receptis suis] et expensis per fabricam ejusdem a secundo die mensis Julii anni etc. tricesimi sexti usque in diem liujus compoti.
Idem onerat se, in primis, de Iv It. iij s. iiij d., restantibus in pede compoti custumariorum de Strivelyne, redditi in mense presenti ut pa tot in
4 PtOTULI SCACCARII 1437.
iij s. iij ct. receptis a magistro Tlioma Roule per idem tempus. Et de XXXV H. ij s. vj d. . . . . com-
potoruni rotulatoris per idem tempus. Et de liiij H. vj s. vij d., receptis a magistro David Name per idem tempus ij d., receptis a Roberto Balmanacli per idem tempus. Summa totalis oneracionis, j^lxxij H. xiij s. x d. [Expense ejusdem] super dicta fabrica. In primis, allocate compotanti pro expensis factis circa fabricam dicti castri a dicto [secundo die Julii anni] tricesimi sexti usque obitum dicti domini regis inclusive, ut patet in libro dicte fabrice, particulariter examinato . . Et pro
expensis factis post obitum ejusdem, usque in vicesimum octavum diem mensis Julii ultimo preteritum, ut patet [in dicto libro, particulariter] examinato super compotum et remanente cum Roberto Nory, j°lx "^. iij s. v d. Summa expensarum j^'lxxvi H. iiij s. iiij d. Et sic superexpendit iij li. X s. vj d.
[In dorso.]
[Monrose.] Compotum ballivorum de Monrose, redditum apud Strivelyne vicesimo quinto die [Julii anno etc. trecesimo septimo], de omnibus receptis suis et expensis per firmas et exitus dicti burgi a septimo die mensis Julii [anni etc. trecesimi sexti usque in] diem hujus compoti, et sic de duobus terminis infra hoc compotum.
lidem onerant se de xvj It,, receptis per firmas et exitus dicti burgi de duobus terminis hujus compoti, [per asseda- cionem f actam communitati] dicti burgi in f eodo ab antiquo. Summa oneris patet.
De qua, computat [in solucione facta priori de] Rostinot, pro secundis decimis sibi debitis de firmis dicti burgi, percipi- enti annuatim quinquaginta [duos solidos, ut patet in rotulis] antiquis et per literas dicti prioris de recepto ostensas super compotum, de duobus terminis hujus compoti, Iij s. [Et domino episcopo Brechinensi,] percipienti annuatim duo- decim libras quinque solidos et quatuor denarios, ex
1437. REGUM SCOTOKUM. 6
elemosina regis [antiqua, sub] periculo coiiiputanciimi, xij 1j. V g. iiij d. Et inagistro AVilleliiio de Foulis, custodi privati sigilli, [recipient! super compotum, xxs.] viij d., de yl^^i^ ^^^ quibus respondebit. Summa expense, xvj H. Et [sic eque]. Eque.
Compotum ballivorum burgi de Forfare, redditum apud Forfar. Strivelyne vicesimo sexto die mensis Julii [anno etc. trecesimo septimo, de omnibus] receptis suis et expensis per firmas et exitus dicti burgi a quarto die mensis Julij anni etc. tricesimi [usque in diem liujus compoti,] et sic de duobus terminis infra hoc compotum, et redditur per Thomam Hauche, unum ballivorum dicti burgi.
Idem onerat se, in primis, de viij ti. xiij s. iiij d., per firmas et exitus dicti burgi de duobus terminis [liujus compoti, per assedacionem] factam communitati dicti burgi in feodo ab antiquo. Summa oneris patet.
De [qua, computat in solucione facta] priori de Rostynot pro secundis decimis sibi debitis de firmis dicti burgi, ut patet in antiquis rotulis [et per literas dicti prioris] ostensas super compotum, de duobus terminis hujus compoti, xl s. Summa expensarum patet. Et sic debet [vj tt. xiij s. iiij d., (|uam] summam solvit magistro Willelmo Fowlis, custodi privati sigilli, recipienti super compotum, pro quibus [re- Respondebit spondebit]. sigilli.
Compotum ballivorum l)urgi de Aberden, redditum apud Abirden. Strivelyne vicesimo quinto [die mensis Julii anno etc.] tricesimo septimo, de omnibus receptis suis et expensis per firmas et exitus dicti burgi anni etc. tricesimi sexti usque diem hujus compoti.
Idem onerat se, in primis, de ij^'xiij H. vj s. viij d., receptis per firmas et exitus dicti [burgi de duobus terminis hujus compoti, per] assedacionem factam communitati dicti burgi per regem in feodo ab antiquo. Summa hujus oneris patet.
[De ([ua, computat in solucione facta] domino episcopo Abirdenensi, pro secundis decimis sibi debitis de firmis dicti burgi, ut patet per literam [dicti episcopi de recepto osten- sam super com])()tum, xxj It.] vj s. viij d. Et Fratribus do Aberden, pro pencione annua sibi assignata de firmis dicti
(J IIOTULI SCACCARII 1437.
biirgi, lit patet per literam prions dictoriiin Fratruni de re- cepto osteusam super compotmn de duobus terminis [hujus conipoti, xvij M.]. Et Fratribus Carmalitis dicti burgi, pro peiicione annua sibi assignata de firmis dicti burgi [de dictis duobus terminisj ut patet per literam prioris dictorum Fratrum de recepto ostensam super compotum, vj H. xiij s. iiij d. Et decano [et capitulo ecclesie] Abirdensis, per- cipientibus viginti solidos anniiatim de firmis dicti burgi pro anniversario quondam [Johannis Barbour, archidiaconi] Aberdenensis, pro compilacione libri de gestis regis Roberti primi, in plenum solucionis dicte [pensionis de anno hujus compotij XX s. Et decano et capitulo ecclesie cathedralis Cathanensis, percipentibus annuatim [quinque marcas pro frumento et vino emendis ad] confeccionem corporis Cliristi, ex elimosina regis Roberti primi, in plenam solu- cionem dicte pensionis [de duobus terminis hujus compotij Willelmo de Fodringhame, receptore dicte pensionis litera- torie constituto, fatente [receptum super compotum, lij H. vj s. viij d. Et] episcopo Orchadensi, percipienti annuatim quinque libras de firmis dicti burgi ex [elemosina regis Roberti primi, pro uno dolio] vini et celdra frumenti ad confeccionem corporis Christi in ecclesia Sancti Magni martiris [in Orchadia, in plenam solucionem dicte pensionis] de duobus terminis hujus compoti, David de Tullach, fratre et receptore dicti [episcopi, fatente recej^tum super com- potum,] V H. Et domino Alexandro Berclay de Gamtuly, in plenam solucionem pencionis sibi annuatim [debite de firmis dicti burgi, dicto] Alexandro fatente receptum super Respondebit compotum, de duobus terminis hujus compoti, v H. Et
Johannes de .,-. ., . .,
Fyfe. 0 olianni de J^ yie, [recipienti ex parte domniij regis, ut patet
per literam suam sub signeto, dicto Johanne fatente recep- tum super compotum . . . Thome de Camera, burgensi de Abirden, recipienti ex parte regis, xxiij li. x s.
grossorum Flandrie, solvende ibidem pro debitis quondam domini nostri regis. Et domino Roberto de Erskyne, militi, percipenti per annum here- ditarie centum libras de firmis dicti burgi
terminis hujus compoti, Thoma de Stratone, ballivo suo et receptore dicte annue pencionis, fatente
1437. EEGUM SCOTOKUM. 7
rec . . per recepcioiiem Joliannis Broiine
de Canate, jam receptoris dicte pencionis, testante dicto
Et eideni domino lloberto, per re- cepionem magistri Willelmi de Fowlis, custodis privati sigilli . . Et Waltero Dempstare, de
mandato domini regis, ut . . Willelmo
de Fodringhame testante receptum super compotum, iij 11. vj. s. viij d. Summa liujus expense, j'^lxix H. x s.
Compotmn ballivorum burgi de Edinburgh, redditum Edinburgli« apud Strivelyne per Joliannem . . vicesimo
sexto die mensis Julii anno etc. tricesimo septimo, de omnibus receptis suis et expensis [per firmas et exitus dicti burgi a] die dicti mensis Julii anni etc. tricesimi
sexti usque in diem liujus computi.
Idem onerat se, in primis, de xxxiiij li. xiij s. iiij d., receptis per firmas et exitus dicti burgi per assedacionem [factam communitati dicti burgi] ab antique, videlicet de dictis duo- bus terminis liujus computi. Summa liujus oneris patet.
[De qua, computat in solucione facta abbati et] conventui monasterii de Dunfermylyne, percipientibus annuatim quiii- que libras de firmis dicti burgi, [ut patet per literas] dicti abbatis de recepto ostensas super computum de uno ter- rnino liujus compoti, et de secundo termino sub periculo com- putantis, [vH. Et Fratribus Predicatoribus de Edinburgh,] percipientibus annuatim decem marcas de firmis dicti burgi ex elemosiiia regis antiqua, ut patet per literas prioris dictorum Fratrum de recepto ostensas super compotum, vj It viij s. iiij d. Et per solucionem factam tribus capel- lanis per (piondam regem Jacobum fundatis [in capella beati Johannis Baptiste in] ecclesia parochiali de Corstor- phine, percipientibus annuatim viginti libras de firmis dicti burgi [in puram et perpetuam elemosinam, ut patet] per recepcionem domini Johannis Forster de Corstorphin, militis, de duobus terminis hujus computi, sub [periculo computantis. Et magistro Willelmo] Fowlis, custodi privati si'nlli, recepienti suiier computum, iij It., de quibus „
'■ , , . ri .... ^ ... ... . , Cespondebit
respondebit. bumnia expensarum, xxxiii n. xii] s. inj d. Fowlis.
liOTULI SOACCAPJI 1437.
CLXXVIL [CLXXXIX.] COMPUTA BALLIVOKUM AD EXTKA, ETC.
A.D. 1437.
[Kyntor, Compotum Johannis de Fyfe, burgensis de Aberdeiie,
Scheves, receptoris firmarum terrarum baroniarum de Kyntor, de ^^^•J Scheves, medietatis de Eirmartyn, de Kennardy, tercie
partis baronie de Drumblate, de Deskfurde, et de Eyndlatre, redditum apud Strivelyne vicesimo septimo die mensis Julii anno etc. tricesimo septimo, de omnibus re- ceptis suis et expensis per firmas dictarum terrarum a decimo octavo die mensis Julii anni etc. tricesimi sexti usque in diem liujus compoti.
Idem onerat se, in primis, de Ixxij ti. viij s. iiij d,, receptis de lirmis medietatis de Eermartyn, de duobus terminis hujus compoti. Et de xxxvij K. vj s. viij d,, de lirmis baronie de Schevas de dictis duobus terminis, de- ductis duabus terciis. Et de xvij H. xiij §., de firmis baronie de Kyntor, de termino beati Martini infra hoc compotum, et nichil hie de firmis dicte baronie de termino Penthecostes infra hoc compotum, quia dominus rex con- tirmavit dominum de Gordoune receptorem dictarum firmarum, de quibus respondebit, Et de ix li. xvj s. iiij d. ob., de firmis de Deskfurde et de Eyndlatre, demptis duabus terciis et decimo denario debito episcopo Aber- donensi. Et de v ^. xiij s. vj d., de firmis tercie partis baronie de Drumblate, de dictis duobus terminis. Et de xliiij s. V d, de firmis terre de Kennardy de dictis terminis. Et de xxiij li. x s., receptis a ballivis burgi de Aberdene de firmis dicti burgi termini beati Martini infra hoc com- potum. Summa hujus oneris, j^lxviij li. x. s. iij d. ob.
1437. KEGUM 8C0T01IUM. 9
Et noil onenit se de tiriuis teiTiiriiiii de Fyndlatie et de Deskfurde termini I'entliecostes infra hoc compotum, quia heres earundem recuperavit saysinani ante dictum ter- minuni Pentecostes. Nee de tirmis Obyne et de Cluny de duobus terminis luiius compoti, quia dominus de Gor- Respondebit
•' X ' i doniinus de
doune intromittit cum eisdeni, de quibus respondebit. Gordoun.
Expense ejusdem. In primis, allocate compotanti per solucionem factam lieredi terrarum de Deskfurd et de Fyndlatre, ad sustentacionem ejusdem, ex dono domini nostri regis, iij It. vj s. viij d. Et per liberacionem factam Alexandro Kemyson, carnifici regis, in quingentis quinqua- ginta quatuor multonibus et decem denariis cum quadrante ad usum domicilii domini regis, de quibus dictus Alexander respondebit, Ixv H. viij s. x d. j q. Et pro quodam annuo redditu debito cuidam capelle et sponse Willelmi Guthry, sub periculo compotantis, de anno compoti, iij It. Et domino episcopo Aberdonensi, pro secundis decimis sibi debitis de summa oneracionis predicta, xij tt. xix § ij d. ot». Et domino nostro regi, in proprios usus suos, ut patet per literam suam sub signeto ostensam super compotum, iij 11. xvij s. viij d. o^B. Et pro custodia castri de Eyvy statim post obituni domini regis in victualibus, ne ab aliis caperetur, vij It. v s. ij d. Et allocate pro firmis terrarum de Gurdnes, que sunt terre dominice de Firmartyn, con- cessis per regem domino Johanni Wischeard, militi, testante domino episcopo Moraviensi mandatum regis super com- potum, de anno compoti, viij It. Summa expensarum, j° It. xvij s. vij d. j q. Et sic restant Ixvij It. xij s. viij d. j q. De quibus, allocate compotanti per solucionem factam Roberto Gray, monetario regis, in partem solucionis centum librarum sibi debitarum de pede compoti sui et assignatarum solvi per regem de custuma et firmis burgalibus de Aber- den, xxiij tt. x §., de (piibus com})otandum est cum dicto Itoberto, et sic satisf actum dicto lloberto de dictis centum Conipotandum
cum Kobertn
libris, preter ([umque liijras decem solidos et sex denarios. Gray. Et magistro Willelmo Fowlis, recipienti super compotum, e^xw. xliiij It. vij s. viij d. j q. Et sic eque.
Memorandum, (piod conipotans solvit domino regi ad
10
liOTULI SCACCAEII
1437.
Allocanda domino Alexaiulro Forbes.
Responilebit Keniyson.
Allocandum compotanti in proximo coni- poto suo.
proprios usus, ut patet per literam suo sub signeto ac per signum suum manuale, ex parte domini Alexandri de Forbes, militis, de firmis terrarum de Onele termini beati Martini ultimo preteriti, viij H. vj s. vj d., que summa allocabitur eidem domino Alexandre in proximo compoto suo de dictis firmis reddendo.
Memorandum eciam quod dictus Johannes de Fyfe, compotans, ostendit super compotum unam literam domini nostri regis super compotum decemisexti diei mensis Februarii ultimo preteriti de recepto in proprios usus suos, in ducentis nobilibus Anglie quadringenta dimidia auri, que dominus rex per dictam literam, camerario de Marr directam, precepit eidem satisf acere eidem de dicta summa, sed quia omnes firme dicti comitatus de Marr, tam de termino Pentecostes ultimo preterito, quam Sancti Martini proximo futuro, ex ordinacione consilii regis, assig- nantur burgensibus et mercatoribus burgi de Aberden pro quibusdam debitis domini nostri regis per eosdem in Flandria persolvendis. Et sic satisfaciendum est dicto Johanni de dicta summa de aliis redditibus domini nostri regis quam cito commode poterit de firmis vel custumis domini regis infra vicecomitatum de Aberdene contin- gendis.
Et memorandum, quod dictus Johannes omisit petere allocacionem in compoto suo prescripto de precio septeni martarum de custuma terrarum de Fermartyn, que fuerunt liberate Alexandre Kemysoun, carnifici regis, de quibus respondebit, quod precium martarum extendit ad triginta quinque solidos, qui sibi allocabuntur in proximo compoto suo reddendo.
Fabrica de Compotum Eoberti de Levingstoun, magistri fabrice Lithqw. palacii regis de Lithqw, redditum apud Strivelyne nono die mensis Aprilis, anno etc. xxxvii^, de omnibus receptis suis et expensis a vicesimo die mensis Aprilis amii etc. tricesimi sexti usque in diem hujus compoti, coram reverendo in Christo patre Johanne episcopo Moraviensi, dominis Alexandre domino de Gordoun, Johanne Forstare,
U;37. KEGUM SCOTOlfUM. 11
David Stewart, militibus, et Alexandro dc Nariic, cuinpo- torum rotulatore, auditoribus per cousilium regis ad hoc specialiter constitutis.
Idem onerat se, iu primis, de j^'viij It. xvj s. vj d. j q., restantibus in pede ultinii compoti sui. Summa arreragi- oriim patet. Item, idem ouerat se de vj^xxxj li ix s. xj d., receptis a diversis persouis et de diversis tirmis et redditi- bus ac fructibus domiiii nostri regis per tempus compoti. Summa totalis oneracionis cmn arreragiis, vij^^xl 11. vj g. vd. jq.
Expense ejusdem. In primis, allocate compotanti, tam pro expensis factis circa fabricam dicti palacii per tempus compoti quam circa alia diversa,coutentatam in majori quam in minori libris remanentibus cum consilio regis, particula- riter examinatis super compotum, viij^'lxxxxiiij H. x s. j d. Et sic supraexpendit compotans j^liiij ti. iij s. vij d. iij q.
Et memorandum, quod dictus Eobertus de Levingstoun, compotans, non oneratur ad presens de custuma burgi de Lithqw post compotum custumariorum redditum in scaccario ultimo tento apud Edynburgli, nee de firmis terrarum de Trarynyeane, nee de annuo redditu de Ballormy et de Fithilcroft, neque de firmis cujusdam tenementi contingentis dominum regem infra burgum de Lithqw racione bastardie Fergusii de Xapre, sed est in proximo compoto suo oneraudus de eisdem. wmpotans *^^^
Compotum domini Thome Boyd de Kihnernok, militis, Duchale. ballivi et firmarii terrarum de Duchale in warda existen- cium, redditum apud Edynburgli decimo sexto die mensis Julii anno Domini etc. tricesimo octavo, de omnibus receptis suis et expensis per firmas dictarum terrarum, a tempore ([uo dicte terre fuerunt in warda usque in diem hujus computi.
Idem onerat se, in primis, de j^xxiiij It., receptis per firmas dictarum terrarum de Duchale, de tribus terminis ante obitum domini regis et tribus terminis post obitum ejusdem. Summa onenicionis patet.
De (^ua, computat in solucione facta in cofras regis,
12 EOTULI SCACCAEII 1437.
testantibus domino episcopo Moraviensi et magistro
Joliaiiiie de Metlifene, secretario regis, receptum super com-
putum, Ix H. Et per solucionem factam domino comiti de
Douglas, locumtenenti domini regis, in partem feodi sui
de anno etc. tricesimo septimo, dicto domino locumtenente
Computanduni fatentc receptum super computum, Ix H., de quibus com-
est cum lociun- putandum est cum eodem. Summa totalis expensarum.
Debet. * j^xx K. Et sic debet de claro iiij K.
1438. REGUM SCOTORUM. 13
CLXXVIIL [CXCL]
COMPUTA CUSTUMARIOEUM ET BALLIYOP.UM BURGORUM, ETC.
A.D. 1438.
Compotum Simonis de Ferny et David de KSimldyne, Dunde. custiimariorum Ijurgi de Dunde, redditum apud Edinburgh tercio die mensis Julii, anno Domini millesimo quadringen- tesimo tricesimo octavo, de omnibus receptis suis et expensis per custumam dicti burgi, a vicesimo quinto die mensis Julii anni etc. tricesimi septimi usque in diem hujus compoti.
lidem onerant se, in primis, de cxlv H. xviij s. x d. ob., provenientibus de custuma decern lastarum novem sac- corum et undecim petrarum lane, carcatarum in tribus navibus et diversis batellis apud portum de Dunde per tempus compoti. Et de xlij M. j d. ob., de custuma sex millium trescentarum et unius pellium lanutarum, car- catarum in dictis tribus navibus apud portum predictum per idem tempus. Et de xiiij K. xv s. ij d. ob., de custuma quinque lastarum decem dacrarum et septem coriorum car- catorum ut supra per idem tempus. Et de iij It. xj s. ix d., de custuma panni lanei dicti burgi asportati de regno ad portum ejusdem. Summa totalis hujus oneracionis, ij^'vj H. V s. xj d. ob.
Expense eorundem. In primis, allocate computantibus, pro feodis suis, de summa oneracionis predicta, iij H. vij s. iiij d. Et tronatori, pro feodo suo de summa lane ponderate, ix s. j d. ob. Et per solucionem factam priori de Rostinot, percipienti per annum viginti marcas de custuma dicti l)Urgi ex elemosina regis antiqua, ut patet per literas dicti prioris de recepto, in ])lcnam solucionem dicte pensionis
14 EOTULI SCACCAPJI 1438.
de diiobus terminis anni etc. tricesimi septimi, xiij K. vj s. viij d. Et Fratribus Predicatoribus burgi de Perth, perci- pientibus annuatim undecim marcas de custuma dicti burgi, ex elemosina regis antiqua, in plenam solucionem dicte pensionis de dictis duobus terminis anni etc. tricesimi septimi, ut patet per literas prioris dictorum Fratrum de recepto ostensas super computum, vij K. vj s. viij d. Et capellano altaris Sancti Salvatoris in ecclesia parochiali de Dunde, celebranti pro anima quondam domini David ducis Eothesaye, ut patet per cartam domini nostri regis alias ostensam super computum, et prout patet per literas dicti capellani de recepto ostensas super computum, de dictis duobus terminis, v H. Et domino Alexandro de Lyndesa comiti de Craufurde, in plenam solucionem centum mar- carum sibi annuatim et hereditarie debitarum de custuma dicti burgi, ut patet per literas dicti comitis de recepto ostensas super computum, de dictis duobus terminis, Ixvj H. xiij s. iiij d. Et domino Waltero de Ogilvy de Luntrethin, militi, percipienti annuatim quadraginta libras de custuma dicti burgi pro tempore vite sue, in plenam solucionem dicte pensionis de dictis duobus terminis, ut patet per literas dicti domini Walteri de recepto ostensas super computum, xl ti. Et Eoberto Coksel, alias servitori domini nostri regis, in partem solucionis annue pensionis viginti marcarum sibi concesse per quondam dominum nostrum regem de cus- tuma burgi de Edinburgh, aut pro voluntate sua de cus- tuma burgi de Dunde, ut patet per literam dicti Eoberti de recepto ostensam super computum, v H. xij d. Et per solucionem factam Johanni Scrymgeour, clavigero regis, percipienti annuatim pro feodo suo decem Kbras de cus- tuma dicti burgi, ut patet per literas dicti Johannis de recepto ostensas super computum, x H. Et eidem Johanni, considerato labore suo, ex consideracione auditorum, vj li. xiij s. iiij d. Et Patricio de Lyndesay, cui quondam dominus rex concessit, pro voluntate sua usque contra - rium mandatum, quadraginta solidos de custuma dicti burgi, ex consideracione auditorum ad presens, ipso Patri- cio fatente receptum super computum, xls. Et domine
1438. PtEGUM SCOTORUM. 15
Matilde, spouse quondam douiiui Willehui de Lyndesay de Eossy, ex gracia douiiui uostri regis, xx H. Et allocate pro sexdecim libris cere rubre, duobus libris papiri pro expensis domicilii scribeudis, duodecim schevis sagittarum et cariagio earuudeui, et uua tuba vocata trump, cimi trigiuta oueribus iutubi, euiptis per comj)utantes et liberatis ad usuui douiiue uostre regine, de quibus com- putandum est cum eadem, vij n. xviij s. Et numera- cum legiua. tori pellium pro numeracione earundem, xiiij s. Et pro feodo computaucium, pro feodo suo de summa oneraciouis custume pauui lauei predicti, xiiij d. Et allocate compu- tautibus pro tresdecim duodenis et noveui ulnis canubii, emptis per couiputantes et liberatis Eoberto Gray pro velo faciendo ad navem domini regis,