THE

THE CANADIAN BANK | se

OF COMMERCE

SIR EDMUND WALKER, C.V.O., LL.D., D.C.L., President ALEXANDER LAIRD, General Manager. JOHN AIRD, Ass’t General Manager Vv. C. BROWN, Superintendent of Central Western Branches

CAPITAL $15,000,000 RESERVE FUND $13,500,000 FARMERS’ BUSINESS

The Canadian Bank of Commerce extends to Farmers every facility for transaction of their banking business, including the discount and collection of sales notes. Blank sales notes ‘are supplied free of charge on application.

GRAIN GROWERS’

Cc. D. KERR, Treasure:

S.UH. HENDERSON, President

The Wawanesa Mutual Insurance Co.

Head Office - Wawanesa, Man. A. F. KEMPTON, Secretary-Manager

Assets Over Liabilities Number of Farmers Insured Dec. 31st, 1914 Amount of Insurance in Force

ED. DEWART, Vice-President

$710,596.60 27,17 $42,299,525 00

A Fire Company insuring all classes of Farm Property at the Lowest Possible Cost to the Assured. FARMERS! Here are Six Reasons why it will pay you to insure your Property in

THE WAWANESA MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY

FIRST—Because it is owned and operated to Farm Insurance than any others by the Farmers of the three Prairie issued. The use of steam threshers Provinces for their mutual benefit and permitted free of charge.

not to enrich stockholders of a company A formed to accumulate wealth at the FOURTH—The cost of adjustment of loss claims are paid by the Company

expense of the insurer. P A Z and not by the insured. SECON ‘The cost of inaurance is not FIFTH—Insurance on _ livestock covers

only very low, but you are not required A A in ad: 1 them against loss by fire anywhere on ped aol feud dee cD. mbar hoon waaay hap mcartered the farm, and by lightning anywhere

i 5 ti : : PL idet oll i prt ct oe. eee in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta.

taken. The agent’s fee is all that is s1XTH—That this is the Largest Farm-

required to be paid in cash. ers’ Mutual Fire Insurance Company THIRD—The Company is thoroughly re- in Canada and must therefore be giving ® liable, and its policies are better adapted the best satisfaction.

Wives Sometimes Object To Life Assurance But— Widows Never Do

Many a man has failed to insure because of his wife’s noble but misguided scruples. She didn’t want even to think of her husband being taken from her. The thought of money forcing itself into such a tragedy filled her with horror.

Such a woman overlooks the awful plight of a family left destitute. It’s a husband’s duty to protect his family from want and suffering after his death. A wife who opposes her husband in performing this duty is unfair to him, to herself and to her little ones.

A few dollars each year invested in an Imperial Income Policy will secure the payment of a regular, monthly income to a man’s family after he’s gone. We have an interesting booklet whith tells all about it, and will send a free copy to any man or woman who asks for it.

Write for your copy today.

THE IMPERIAL LIFE

Assurance Company of Canada HEAD OFFICE. - TORONTO

Branches and Agents in all important centres

EES VEIUIUNOQNHEDEOOHOOUUOONUNGNUGUNAUOOUEOUGOQUOGOUOGDOOUEONOQUGDEAEGUNOOUOVGRUTOCOUUOGUUOLEGOIUGGUUUUIT &

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ADVERTISING Is the foundation of all successful enterprises. If your advertise- ment appeared In these pages It would be read by over 34,000 prospective buyers. Patronize our advertisers—advertise yourself—and we will all be successful.

GUIDE August 18, 1915

ss Barns

You can buy a barn com-

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lasting barn that man ever

made—and you need not

give a thought to plans. Leave that to us.

Save Building Cost You Want Safety

The Steel Truss barn is built Safety from fire—protection from lightning in our factories and shipped and the,weather. Steel Truss barns are com- ready to erect. There are no heavy timbers to pletely covered with Acorn Corrugated iron. interfere with unloading of grains. No big No wood is exposed. The windows are wired framing gang is needed. We supply everything glass and framed in metal. Wind and water complete. Simply tell us the size of your foun- cannot get through. Fire cannot find a weak dation and we can send you plans and quote spot. This is the kind of barn you will want. prices for building your barn complete. Let us send you full information about it.

THE METAL SHINGLE & SIDING CO., LIMITED, WINNIPEG, MAN.

Keep Down Fuel Costs

Your kerosene tractor can be run more economically if you use

SILVER STAR ENGINE KEROSENE

Leading manufacturers of kerosene en- gines recommend Silver Star because it is an absolutely reliable engine kerosene. It is clean burning and powerful. Shut- downs and delays are avoided when you use this standard fuel.

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is a straight distilled fuel for gasoline tractors. It is a uniform product—always reliable. Clean. Powerful.

Bring your tank wagon to one of our dis- tributing stations and buy direct. It will save you money.

Branch Stations Throughout the Dominion

THE IMPERIAL OIL COMPANY Limited

Canada

Farmers’ Letter File will Save Time and Money

Very few farmers keep copies of their business letters. It is of great importance to know just what you have written to some person to whom you are selling your grain or farm produce, or from whom you are buying some article or conduct- ing other business. Without copies of business letters farmers are bound to lose money at times and also to suffer much inconvenience. When you have a copy of your letter you know just what you have written and when, and there can arise no dispute.

To fill this need, we have secured the ‘Favorite’ Farmers’ Letter File, as shown in the accompanying illustration. This file is 11 in. x 834 in. and contains pockets for all the letters of the alphabet. Copies of your letters can thus be filed alphabetically and all kept together so that when you wish to look up any of your previous correspondence you can put your hand upon it in an instant. When closed the file is flat and about 114 inches thick. It

will last twenty years with ordinary care. Together with this file we supply one half dozen sheets of carbon paper especially made for writing with pen or pencil, which will give you a copy of every letter as clear as the original. We also supply with this file a half a dozen special “Manifold” pens, which are stiffer than the ordinary pen and made especially for writing letters of which a carbon copy is to be kept. With this “Favorite” file, carbon paper and “Manifold” pen, every farmer can keep his busi- ness correspondence in good shape and conduct his business in a manner which will give him the best satisfaction. Ordinary letter paper such as can be purchased anywhere, either in ads or in loose sheets of the regular letter size, 84 in. x 11 in,, should be used. he ‘‘Favorite’’ file, together with six sheets of carbon paper and six “Manifold” pens and “Instructions for Use,” will be mailed post paid to any address in Canada for $1.00 Extra carbon sheets 10 cents per six sheets; extra pens 5 cents per six pens.

BOOK DEPT., GRAIN GROWERS’ QUIDE - - WINNIPEG

August 18,.4915 THE: GRAIN GROWERS’ GUIDE (1195) 8 \

BEBCBEEDEEODCOEECEOCEOGOGCEODOLLE A BODES GbPGABDhSSSSEH 2 ETE aE EEE we ENTE GE AE AE dE EME MEME MERE 7M TAG 15 250 P50 90 750 D9 0 9 29d 8 AE ME EE EAE AEE <4) Os ot. A Special Word to Subscribers ° 2 Subscriptions and Advertising es, : 2 aus, PBR a eA PURGES: THE GRAIN GROWERS’ GUIDE a Seen us

When you receive a pink notice attached to this : 3 - Published every Wednesday. Subscriptions in the page it shows that your subscription is about to “Equal Rights to All and Special Privileges to None % British Empire $1.50 per year. Foreign’ sub- ey expire. We hope you have enjoyed 'The Guide A Weekly eat for i dad Farmers % scriptions $2.00 pe year. Single copies 5 cents. $y and that you will send us $1.50 for your renewal Published: under the The Guide. te the oe ’ _Advertising Rates $ - at once, using the blank coupon and the addressed & auspices and employ~ only paper in Canada & Commercial _Display—16 cents per agate line, om envelope which will also be enclosed. We always ed as the Official that ed is aeokute we Livest ‘ock Display—14 cents per mente line. a give several weeks’ notice so that subscribers will @& Organ of the Mani- di tho, steel eggs ta repre ues word per issue. eo have plenty of time to forward the renewals $F toba Grain Growers’ ) farmers—entirely in- jo discount for time or space on any class of @& f ‘ ¢ aye Association, the Sas: f deperidant, end ior advertising. All changes of copy and new matter fy and not miss any copies of The Guide. We me kaichawan Grain aoe dollae of political must reach us seven days in advance of date of Bs a cannot supply back copies of The Guide, o Growers’ Association, capitalistic or ‘special 4 publication to ensure insertion, Reading matter " we hope you will not delay in sending Gy and the United / interest money is advertisements are marked ‘‘Advertisement."” No your renewal. When requesting a change of @& Farmers of ‘Alberta. > invested in it. advertisement for patent medicines, liquor, mining ¥& address, please give us three weeks’ notice. If GEORGE F. CHIPMAN, Editor and Manager stock, or extravagantly worded real estate will be & the date of the address label on your Guide is @& Associate Editors: John W. Ward and Ernest J. Trott accepted. We believe, thiy careful sauuirys: thet: 2 not changed within a month after you send your @& Home Editor: Francis Marion Beynon every advertisement, in. The Guide is signed by = @% renewal, please notify us at once. It is always ris Authorized by the Postmaster-General, Ottawa, Can., for Ranedina as prush worthy ede we will take it asa favor . ay SEOGHd: Claas moanl mation if any of our readers will advise us promptly should ws, safer to send your money by postal or express A — they have reason to doubt the reliability of any ’ money orders. Mail your $1.50. today. & © > e person or firm who advertises in The Guide, 4

GOOD LIVESTOCK PAYS

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It returns highest price for farm crops.

It furnishes market for waste feeds.

It reduces bulk of marketable crops.

It distributes labor thruout the year.

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It makes farm life more pleasant.

There To Stay Resists the Strongest Pressure

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We have a splendid line of Oils Greases ands guarantee im- mediate delivery... The’ prices are right. Farmers’ Associations should ] get our prices on carloads. Ask for the following brands:— Great Western Thresher Oil, Par Value Cylinder Oil, Solar Gas Engine Oil, Inland Auto Oils, Winter and Summer Black Greases. WRITE}US TODAY.

The Inland Oil Works of Canada, Ltd.

Macdonald and May Streets, Winnipeg

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hresher Belts

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COOCOO

WM. GALLOWAY, Pres. WM. GALLOWAY CO. OF CANADA Dept. 11 IIMITED Winnipeg Uae See RT TTT TE RTEEN

WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS PLEASE MENTION THE QUIDE

209000

OOOO

DEFECTS IN GRAIN SEPARATORS

For a few years the subject of ship- ping millions of bushels of screenings to Fort William has been brought up occasionally, discussed and dropped: Too little prominence has been given the fact that only in the improvement of the thresher lies the tangible solu- tion of the question. When experimen- tal. farms have proved that coarse screenings are as good feed as corn, and that even black seeds ‘are profitable sheep feed, it is time something was done to stop the loss. In a few weeks the same thing will be repeated, ‘‘re- jected’’ cars, low grades and the usual 3 to 10 per cent. dockage on good grain, all because the Canadian grain separa- tor is incomplete.

Interviewing twenty representatives at Brandon fair, not one could give a good reason why his machine was not equipped with a cleaner. The general opinion was the farmers did not de- mand them, they would entail more work and the farmers were evidently willing to lose a percentage of their grain and pay freight on same to bene- fit the elevator companies and inciden- tally the feeders of the eastern and southern States. Power and. tractor threshing is becoming more popular in England “with the searcity of labor. Their machines are as large and as com- plicated as the average separator here, yet I question if you could: find one without.a trusser, a hummler and double dresser that will give the grain in four grades, the first being ready for the seeder and absolutely clean. Would it not do much to solve the ever-increas- ing weed problem if we had such effi- ciency here, or if the separator would deliver the grain in at least two grades instead of the mixture that too.many people have to ship for want of clean- ing facilities? With the advent of. the loading platform more dirty grain is shipped each year, and that at a time when mixed farming is being preached everywhere and all the feed is needed on the farm. The fact that during the last two seasons there has been a tre- mendous demand for the small portable individual threshing outfit and that one and all are as inefficient as the large machines, seems almost a calamity when it is considered that in this mat- ter as in others the Canadian west must eventually follow the mother country farming methods as regards thorough- ness and efficiency. (

Communicating with the most prom-

inent makers of threshing machinery in |

England, they inform,me ‘that after studying conditions they find that such a machine is both necessary and feas- ible in the west, and it .only requires some little interest in the matter to merit the introduction of a machine

that would enable'the farmer to market —

grain that would be a credit to any farm or country, and at the same time stop a loss that might be turned into a profit where too often the farmer finds

.a profit lacking. I think that. with. the

high prices of grain and feed any farm- er would be willing to pay a cent per bushel more for cleaned grain and pay for threshing the screenings, too, rather than pay the freight on it to Fort Wil-

liam and lose it, and the thresher would:

not be the loser for supplying the more efficient. machine. Man. —T. W. W.

New York has had a heat “wave, and

several deaths have heen recorded.

“We Gannst Contest the Law

of Supply and Demand and thus secure tea at a fixe py but we can and will control the

-*SALADA

For 23 years the Standard of Excellence i in teas las been SALADA and come what may, it shall never deviate from that standard... B51

FARM BLACKSMITHING | By J..M. DREW, ‘Instructor in Blacksmithing, Minnesota :School of Agriculture

A blacksmith shop on the Fane amay be pally and cheaply bullt and ‘equipped. a farmer and ‘his son -can learn’ to do ordinary blacksmith work without trouble, and may

spend profitably -winter days and stormy days in summer that would otherwise be wasted. This book is written to instruct farmers and thelr sons for this purpose. It is well Illustrated and the Informa- tion is simply and acourately given so that any farmer will be able to understand It and make use of it. Among the subjects dealt with are: The furnishing of the farm blacksmith shop; the use of iron..and. steel; making door. hooks, staples, chains, rings, hooks, clevis, bolts and nuts, welding; making tongs; making whiffletrees irons; forging and tempering steel tools; rl use of drilis; sharpen- Ing plows; shoeing farm horses; the use of files; how to splice ropes; how to make pore halters; how to tle knots; how. to file a.saw; tables for calculating the sizes of tools. This ‘book will pay for Itself many times over in the hands of any farmer who wants to make good use of his time. Postpaid 60c.

BOOK DEPARTMENT, GRAIN GROWERS’ GUIDE, WINNIPEG

“MADE IN CANADA® |

Ford Touring Car Price $530.

Ford | Runabout Price $480

Ford Town Car Price $780 —

The. above prices: f.0.b, Ford, Ont., effective sspbats 2, 1915. No speedometer included in this year’s equipment, otherwise erica equipped. _ Write Ford Factory, Ford, Ont., for atalog

Sor rd

THE UNIVE RSAL ¢

With a little practice

4 (1496)

THE GRAIN GROWERS’

GUIDE

There, in three words, is the solution of your Harvest Help problem!

Here’s a machine that has been four years on the market, tried, tested and proved in every way. Twelve hundred.of them played

a big part in” gathering the harvest last fall. Everybody now knows that the Stewart Sheaf Loader, by doing"away’ with field pitchers and

bigger crops. So the Stewart Sheaf Loader will have to do even more than last year in overcoming the help scarcity. If it did nothing beyond settling that troublesome ques- tion, it would justify its existence, but it benefits you in many other ways. For instance, it not only saves the wages of many

August 18, 1915

hands, but their board as well; thereby sparing the hardworked

reducing the number of wagons required, goes | I housewife at a time when the work is already heavy enough.

a long way toward solving the labor shortage question. Now that prob- lem is going to be more acute than ever this year on account of the war, and because of

Again, you might be the most careful farmer in all the West, yet you would have a waste of grain in hand pitching that could not occur with a Stewart Sheaf Loader. Waste of grain, waste of time, waste of labor, waste of money—all these are prevented by a Stewart Sheaf Loader.

Get the full story. We have put it in a booklet, with illustrations and hundreds of letters from users. These will convince you better than anything we can say. The Booklet is FREE for the asking.

3 Stewart Sheaf Loader Co.

WINNIPEG LIMITED MANITOBA

The Original Small

A. STANLEY JONES 7.2 22"..

28 in. Cylinder Separator, 8 H.P. Engine, all fittings, main belt and special 16 ft. reaches to mount as 670 below. See page 6 of Catalogue......................

Catalog with 28 photos of machines working everywhere in Saskatchewan

and Manitoba, together with TIME TERMS, free on application.

WRITE FOR IT!

ALL FREIGHT PAID

John R. Dymond, Esq., Seed Analyst, Dept. Agriculture, Ottawa, writes me as follows :

28 in. Cylinder Separator alone, all fittings $3 17 24 in. Cylinder Separator alone, all fittings $284

*£100,000 tons of screenings were lost to the farmers of the West for which they not only paid $650,000

CANADA in freight and charges, but after

BUY that got nothing for it owing to pen the fact that Custom Threshing Sons Machines as at present constructed

| MADE IN | or operated cannot clean grain

i satisfactorily. Almost every car at the Terminal Elevator was cleaned. . . . If the grain could be satisfactorily cleaned by the thresher it would effect an enormous saving to the Western growers,’’ and mentions a sugges- tion to put a cleaner on the spout of the big threshing machine to take out screenings after threshed and weighed; adding that cleaning the grain in this way would, of course, increase the cost of threshing. A full copy of this astonishing letter as to your losses in this way sent with my catalog. Why not save this waste to feed your own stock and save your threshing bill.

‘A. STANLEY JONES - North Battleford

SASK.

See what users say regarding its work in Flax, Wheat, Oats, Barley, Timothy, Brome, Alfalfa, etc., all in the catalog. It will pay you this year to THRESH ON TIME; you can’t afford to wait. Im- mense stocks at North Battleford and every repair of every sort al- ways carried for shipment by wire.

The Grain Growers’ Guide

Wlinnipeg, ednesday, August 18th, 1915

THE MANITOBA ELECTIONS

The Manitoba elections, considered not only from the viewpoint of the vari- ous interests in Manitoba, but also from a wider aspect of the Dominion at large, cannot but be regarded as extremely satisfactory. In no sense was it a party victory. It was largely an expression of the indignation of the great mass of the people and also of their determination to put an end to the old order of graft and corruption which has characterized this province for the last fifteen years. From the personal viewpoint of the members of the Norris government -the verdict of the people showed beyond the shadow of a doubt that they believed that the report of the Perdue Royal Com- mission was true and just. It will give the members of the government greater confidence in themselves, and it will put an end to the most dastardly attacks on our judiciary that ‘have ever dis- graced the journalistic annals of Can- ada. On general principles it is highly desirable to have a strong and effective opposition in the legislature, but in this case every capable member of the oppo- sition was defeated, and the five who were elected do not comprize in their number a single strong personality. On the other hand, however, had the vote been close, and the Conservative oppo- sition strong, the attacks on the judges would probably have been continued by The Winnipeg Telegram and_ there would have been the regular charges of corrupt work during the election. Fur- ther, thruout Canada there would have been doubt in the minds of the people as to the honesty of the members of the Norris government, and what is even more been the integrity of the people of Manitoba at large. There will, however, be no lack of honest and effective criticism in the new legisla- ture, in case it is required. There are three independent members who owe no allegiance to any party, two of whom, Messrs. Dixon and Rigg, are able men, effective debaters and thoroughgoing Democrats. In the ranks of the Liberal members there are a number of bona- fide democrats who would not tolerate anything short of an absolute fulfillment of the party pledges. In the past fifteen years there has not been in the Mani- toba legislature as many able and demo- cratic representatives as the new house will comprse. Every member of the government has declared repeatedly that the party platform will be carried out in full, and if this pledge is fulfilled, Mani- toba will in the course of the next twelve months be the most democratic province in Canada, and what is further, the people will have the power in their own hands which will prevent another reign of graft and plunder. The new govern- ment has greater opportunities to help the people of Manitoba than ever was given to any government in Canada. They have an overwhelming mandate from Be PEUp)p to go ahead with their work, and up to the present they have given every indication of sincerity of purpose. It is very important, however, that public opinion be kept well in- formed of the doings of the new govern- ment and that more of the public busi- ness be transacted in daylight. Great credit is due to those life-long Con- servatives who voted for the new govern- ment. If the pledges given are ful- filled and an honest administration igs

‘fluence wit

given the new government will enjoy a long term of power, but if not, we be-

lieve that public opinion in Manitoba has

been aroused to the point where it can never again sink into a condition of apathy and indifference such as per- mitted the reign of graft and plunder which has recently come to an end.

PRACTICAL SOIL TILLAGE

In this issue Seager Wheeler, the world’s champion wheat grower, has another article on tillage that it will pay all farmers, regardless of what they are producing, to read very carefully. Mr. Wheeler, after thirty years’ experience, and a wide knowledge of Western Canada, declares that weeds cause more damage to crops than drought, frost, hail and other causes combined. He has demonstrated that his system of tillage will overcome the damage ordinarily suffered in dry seasons. Thousands of farmers are studying Seager Wheeler's dry farming methods and the average wheat crop in the dry belt will be en- ormously increased by the practical suc- cess of his methods. In this article he proposes his remedy for the weed nuis- ance, which he has also demonstrated to be a success. It will be noted that his remedy for the weed problem follows closely and is really a part of his method for conserving soil moisture. The Guide is co-operating with Mr. Wheeler in giving exclusive publicity to his me- thods of cultivation, because we believe the result will be of great value to our farmers. Both The Guide and Mr. Wheeler will welcome criticism, sug- gestion or inquiries in regard to his methods.

ECONOMY CONDEMNED

Industrial Canada, the official organ of the Canadian Manufacturers’ Associa- tion, complains that the people of Can- ada are practising too much economy

and. are not buying the products of’

Canadian factories as freely as they should. It is said that the people are buying necessities, have cut down com- forts, and are doing without luxuries, and Industrial Canada fears that the re- sult may -be disastrous to some Cana- dian industries. There are reasons, no doubt, and among them are the raising of the tariff by the government and the increase of prices by some Canadian manufacturers. When taxes are raised and the necessities of life made dearer, it is time for people to economize and spend less money on luxuries. If Indus- trial Canada and the PEW ene body which it represents would use their in-

the ped tteta to remove the burdens now laid upon the backs of the producers—farmers, laborers and manufacturers—by our present unjust system of tariff taxation, they would be doing something practical to encourage home industries.

PROTECTION VINDICATED ?

That ae APeRR TE war vindicates the National Policy of. Protection, is the claim of a leading article in the cur- rent number of Industrial Canada, the official organ of the Canadian Manufac- turers’ Association. ‘The Free Traders’ ideal, according to the manufacturers’ organ, is that we should confine the energies of our people to agriculture and

the production of raw material, and its opinion seems to be that without Protec- tion there would be practically no fac- tories n Canada and therefore it would be impossible to produce shells and other military equipment in this coun- try. This is, of course, absolutely ridiculous and if it were not for the fact that other Protectionist journals are constantly repeating the same nonsense it would not be worthy of any attention. The Free Traders’ ideal is not that. this country, with its limitless and varied natural resources, should confine its energies to any one or two pursuits, but that the people should be free to develop those resources in the most economical and profitable manner without the res- trictions and the handicaps which are inevitably built up by a protective tariff. In the absence of the artificial conditions created by Protection, capital would naturally be attracted first to those in- dustries in which it could.be employed most profitably, and to say that under Free Trade a large proportion of our factories would be closed is to claim that the factories in question are engaged in ~ enterprises which cannot be conducted profitably except with the aid of legisla- tion which compels the consumer of their goods to pay more for them than - they are worth. In some industries, the manufacture of cotton: goods; for in- stance, the increased cost imposed upon the consumers in order to benefit the - manufacturers, is more than all the wages which the industry pays. But while Protection may encourage some industries—at tremendous cost to the

‘country—it is a burden on all industries.

It gives with one hand and takes away with the other and generally speaking it takes even from the manufacturer as much or more than it gives. Of course, so far as the western farmer is’ con- cerned the tariff is always taking and hever giving, and in fact cannot give. Free Trade would, of course, be a great advantage to manufacturers engaged in the production of war materials and the export trade generally, for Protection increases their cost of production very considerably without adding to the price they can secure in the foreign market by one cent. The Free Trader, therefore, has good grounds for claiming that the abolition of Protection would increase and not decrease the number of legiti- mate manufacturing establishments in

this country.

And again, has Industrial Canada for- gotten that Protection, which it declares is vindicated by the war, is the policy of Germany, while Great Britain for many years has practiced Free Trade? German, industries today are ‘‘protected” not only by her tariff but also by the British navy, which will not permit foreign goods to enter Germany to compete with home products. The days of Ger- many, with all her military efficiency are numbered because the time will come when her internal supplies of war materials will be exhausted, while Britain, buying from and selling to prac- tically the whole world, can keep on supplying her troops for ever. Pree Trade, made possible by the British Navy, will win the war for the Allies, and Protection far from being vindi- cated, is proved to be a suicidal policy.

What have the opponents of Direct Legislation to say now?

(1198) A CLEAR DUTY

The people of Manitoba have declared clearly and unmistakably that they want justice and impartial justice meted out to those responsible for.the Parliament Buildings graft. It is the duty of the new government to let justice take its course. The law of the land provides that every man accused of a crime against his fellowmen may be tried be- fore twelve of his equals. The new government should see that all those im- plicated in the Parliament. Buildings graft should be brought to trial. before a jury in the same manner as all others who commit crime against society are tried and if they are found guilty, pun- ishment should be given them as impar- tially as to others who may occupy hum- bler but not less important positions.

INDEPENDENCE IN MANITOBA .

The growth of the independent spirit in politics is evident from the recent Manitoba elections. At the previous election, a little over a year ago, there were eight independent candidates for the Manitoba house, only one of whom was elected. In ‘the elections held on August 6 there were again eight candi- dates not connected with either of the two old parties, and three of these were successful while two others came within a few votes of election. Two of the in-

-dependents. elected, F. J. Dixon, in

Centre Winnipeg, and T. D. Ferley, in Gimli, were not ease by the Liberals, tho Mr. Dixon had to contend with a So- cialist opponent as well as the Conser- vative nominee.

Mr. Ferley was an unsuccessful candi-

THE GRAIN GROWERS’ GUIDE

date in.a three-cornered fight a year ago, the Conservative candidate at that time polling more votes than the Independent and Liberal together. Three candidates were originally placed in the field for this election, but the Liberal candidate with- drew before nomination day and Mr.

‘Ferley was elected by 1172 to 562—a

case of perseverance rewarded. The most closely contested elections in which Indépendent candidates were run- ning were in:North Winnipeg and As- siniboia, which is a suburb of the capital city. In the latter constituency a three- cornered fight. last year gave ‘the Con- servatives the seat with the Independ- ent at the bottom of the poll. This time the Conservative, owing to the exposure of the late government, which he sup- ported, was hopelessly at the bottom of the poll, while the Liberal candidate beat the Independent by only 55 votes. In North Winnipeg also, last year, the Conservative candidates won out thru the splitting of the progressive vote be- tween the Liberals and the Social Demo- crats. This time the Conservatives were nowhere and in one seat the Liberal can- didate won out by 2,439 votes against 2,189 for the Social Democrat, while in the other seat Ald. R. A. Rigg, the Social

‘Democratic candidate was elected by

2,494 to 2,263 for the Liberal nominee. Mr. Rigg’s election was perhaps the greatest triumph for the independent forces, because he had to contend against the organizations of both politi- cal parties, but so far as a popular en- dorsation is concerned the honors of the day rest upon F. J. Dixon, who was elected in Centre Winnipeg Seat ‘‘B”’ as

an Independent Progressive, by a ma-

jority of 4,555. Last year Mr. Dixon was elected in the same constituency by a majority of 4,513, which was up till then a record for the province. It was generally expected that on this occasion the biggest majority would go to Hon. Thos. H. Johnson, the new Minister of Public Works, who ran in Centre Win- nipeg Seat ‘‘A’’ and had only one op- ponent to meet. The Socalist candi- date who was on the ballot against Mr. Dixon polled 784 votes, but in spite of this the Independent Progressive can- didate had only 20 votes less than Mr. Johnson and had a majority 235 votes bigger. The Liberal organization and Liberal party press naturally did not welcome the nomination of Independent candidates and in constituencies where there was a three-cornered fight it was contended that a vote for the Independ- ent candidates was equal to a vote for the Conservatives. .The returns of a year ago indicated that the splitting of. the vote between Liberal and Independent candidates gave four seats to the Roblin party, and it was predicted that the same thing would happen again. This oc- curred in only one constituency, how- ever, this being Ste. Rose, where the Conservative candidate had a majority of 29, while the Independent polled 266 votes. Altogether the campaign of the Independents in Manitoba was a great success. They have three good men in the legislature and the next election will probably see this number increased.

The value of the district representa- tive depends very largely upon the spirit ape ADanneR in which farmers make use of him.

Gi expe Ne —

[tz — CONTRACT

( Peomise.

DiRect LEGISLATION . WOMAN SUFFRAGE . REFERENDOM on PROHIBITION COMPULSORY EDUCATION. HONEST ELECTION ACT Y CO-OPERATIVE LEGISLATION PUBLIG ABATTOIRS

Good ROADS.

HYDRO ELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT. LOCAL OPTION tn TAXATION .

fet ¢ Ee NT Y PREMIER NORRIS—-MANITOBALS' |

maar aToty y NEW MANAGER jo0 3 6 Manitoba: Now, young man, I have hired you at a good salary to manage my affairafland:heré!18 your contract:

I expect you to do what you have promised

and to be honest and straightforward. The last manager I had;didn't suit-me,,and you know what happened to him. ;

August 18, 1915

At the present time there is some difference of opinion among farmers as to whether spring or fall plowing gives the best results in growing grain crops. Some districts are in favor of the spting, while in other districts the fall plowing is generally adopted. There is no doubt, owing to the short time at our disposal in the spring to get the seed in the ground, that, where intelli- gently done, fall plowing is advisable, providing that the soil is free of weed

‘ geeds, and in the newer districts where the soil has grown crops for a few seasons, but in the older districts where the soil has become infested with nox- ious weed seeds, plowing in the fall, as is the general practice, usually results in disappointing yields. Under these

circumstances spring plowing will give —

better results, because the weed seeds are buried at a depth that allows the grain crop to come along before the weeds get above the ground to retard the crops, but this is not always the case. If the grain crop receives any check the weeds get the mastery, and the erop suffers. But neither system is entirely satisfactory, nor can we rely with certainty on a favorable season.

Summer fallowed land usually gives the best results, but it is not practic- able to provide a fallow for all of the crop each season, as some must be sown on fall or spring plowing. Some farm- ers provide a summer fallow every sea- son for all of the wheat crop, seeding

down oats and barley on spring plow-,

ing, and they are getting good results each season. There is no doubt that this is the safest and best system. The general practice is to have about one- third of the wheat crop on summer fal- low, the balance on fall or spring plow- ing, and little consideration is given to some factors that determine the final results ‘at harvest time.

Weeds, drought, and as was the case this season, early summer frosts which were unusually severe and very excep- tional, affected considerable of the crop, whether on summer fallow, fall or spring plowing. Nevertheless, where weeds were in evidence the crops suf- fered to a greater extent. The crop received a setback and the weeds, especially wild oats, got ahead of the main crops and have seriously affected the yield.

Weeds Important Factor

The weed problem, then, is one of the greatest factors that. we should consider when preparing and fitting the soil to grow a grain crop. It is a wise pro- vision that many take to plow up as much land as possible in the fall, as it is a case of necessity where the spring opens up anywhere from the first to. the end of April, and as it is not safe to seed wheat after May 15, it makes the time for seeding very short, but to plow up any field in the fall, regardless of its. condition, may not be a sound practice. The soil may be too dry or weedy, or the plowing may be carried too late in the season.

When the spring opens early, it is not by any means an assurance that it is an advantage in favor of an early harvest; it is usually the reverse, for what we gain in the early part of April is often offset by cool backward grow- ing weather in May. It is usually the case that when the spring opens up about the third week in April the sea- son is more favorable, without any of these setbacks. But, as we cannot con- trol weather conditions, we must do what we can to meet the conditions as far as lie in our power. The presence or absence of weeds in the crop largely controls the returns, and one may note on every hand fields that are consider-

ably reduced in the yield under favor-—

able conditions, and even more so if an unfavorable one. There are thous- ands of acres this season that will not

be harvested, and many that will not

compensate for the labor of harvesting.

Any such fields that ‘are left standing '

will require special treatment to bring them into condition to grow a crop next season,

THE GRAIN GROWERS’

Practical Soil Tillage

By Seager Wheeler, Rosthern, Sik”

GUIDE

The weed problem on the majority of Western farms is very serious indeed. As Seager Wheeler says, ‘‘weeds do more damage than drought, rust, hail and frost taken together.’? The question of proper tillage methods designed to control weeds is one to which every thoughtful farmer pays a great deal of attention. After all, development along agricultural lines is made thru trial and experiment, so that the result of experience along any particular branch of the work is extremely valuable to other farmers. Seager Wheeler

has had thirty years’ experience in farming. acres of land for the last twenty years.

He has farmed the same 160 From this land he has had good

crops when all those in the surrounding district have been failures. The grain which he has grown has been ‘awarded the highest honors possible in competition with grain grown in the rest of the world, and he ascribes this

.success to careful seed selection and correct soil tillage.

While describing

his tillage methods in this article he is not at all dogmatic. It 1s recognized

that conditions vary and different treatment must be given depending upon the kind of land being farmed, but, whatever the nature of the farm being

worked, after reading the experiences as outlined below it is certain that

every farmer will be able to obtain some information which will be very

valuable to him in the carrying on of his farm work.

Sa ES ee neha eae edema wen re

If we all want to grow a satisfactory and paying crop, we must change our

system to some extent, and if every —

grain grower could be induced to try out the method I shall outline it will bring about a more satisfactory condi- tion, and also solve to a great extent the weed problem. _ Every farmer should be his own weed inspector, and if my method is more generally adopted we may in time dispense with the ser- vices of weed inspectors. We can hard- ly hope or expect to eradicate all the weeds, but may keep them in check so that they will not seriously affect the yields.

Single Plowing Unsatisfactory

From what I have gathered person- ally and from correspondence I find that many farmers are beginning to realize, especially this season, that a single plowing in the fall or a single plowing for a summer fallow for grain crops is unsatisfactory where the soil is infested with any weed seeds, and that this prac- tice is responsible for crop failures this season.

The point I want to lay special em- phasis on is this, that except in the comparatively newer districts under the

suitable seed bed and by using good sound seed we ‘can expect reasonable returns.

Improper Tillage Responsible

I make this statement based on near- ly thirty years’ experience and obser- vations each season, that it is not the need of rains or lack of moisture in the soil—excepting, of course, districts where the soil is absolutely dry, and no snow falls-and the soil is dry in the spring—that is responsible for crop fail- ures, but improperly fitted soils and the presence of weeds that rob the crop of the moisture in the early stages.

Plow Twice The problem then of growing satis- factory crops practically each and

every season may be. largely solved by the individual farmer himself by pro- viding these proper conditions of the seed bed. It is very simple and com- paratively easy, and the wonder is that it is not more generally practiced in- stead of depending on one single plow- ing in the fall or spring to do it in two plowings. First. plowing shallow in the fall and a second deeper plowing in the spring. The weeds must be given

to by Seager Wheeler

if * Phot Home-made fight harrows, cover 15 feet. Useful for weeding grain as it Is just showing thru the ground; : . ‘also after grain is in the stooling stage.

conditions that we have in the spring until the middle of June when the mois-

‘ture evaporates from the soil, due to

high evaporating winds and the slight rainfall during April and May,. unless the soil that is turned under‘ either in the fall or spring be made firm and com- pact and is free of weed seeds we can- not expect good results. Where soil is turned under in. the fall which may often be too try and have coarse stubble lying at the bottom. of a shallow fur- row, weed seeds are buried that do not often germinate in the fall. This pre- paration is none of the best. There is a better way, as will be outlined presently. ‘

IT am fully aware that many will ob- ject. to this method and to the extra work it entails, but the laws of nature are unalterable. In providing a proper,

“with is wild. oats.

the greatest consideration to first make them germinate and then destroy them. We are troubled with many kinds of weeds, and the worst I have to deal This pest is spread- ing to almost every district, and is one of the most persistent weeds we have. There are also many of the thistle species, mustards, perennial, biennial and annual weeds and native grasses. The treatment I am going to outline will deal with almost all of these weeds.

As no one method will answer for all districts and every kind of soil or un-

der ‘all conditions of the soil, some al-.

lowance must be made. Every farmer

- should know his soil and what weeds

may be expected in the soil, but never- theless this method if followed out in- telligently with due regard to the prin-

«ciples laid down, good results may be

(1199) 7

expected and there will be no danger of making any false move even in the best or poorest of soil, weedy, clean or otherwise, as it will put the soil in the best of condition, and if all are not agreed as to the wisdom of this method I would like to know that every reader tries out on his farm at least some pro- portion of the land that is to be erop- ped next season. I am confident that it will give far better results than any single plowing. The principles are sound, and I am so fully convinced by my own experience that I have resolved to first shallow plow all land in. pre- paration for the deeper plowing to be sown in the spring or in the case of summer fallow. By doing this second plowing will be in better physical con- dition to grow any kind of’ crop satis- factorily. There will be no coarse stubble lying at the bottom of the fur- row to break up the capillary action from the soil below. The turned fur- row will make better connection with the soil below and will have the bene- ficial effect of the cultivation. This method is specially adaptable on lands intended for summer fallow or for corn. potatoes, roots and leguminous crops, such as peas, alfalfa, clovers, and also cultivated grasses. :

The Method :

As soon as the crop is disposed of in the fall, plow shallow about two inches deep. The furrow should be turned over as flat as possible. Plowing may be continued right up to freeze-up, tho the object is to turn the soil to put the weed seeds about the right depth ready to germinate early in the spring, as more weed seeds germinate then than at any other time of the season. In some years some seeds will germinate in the fall in this shallow plowing, but cannot be depended on to do so. The plowing should not be harrowed but packed, to disturb it as little as possible.

Many careful and good farmers disc

the soil in the fall. Many of them do this with the object of conservation of moisture and some to start weed seeds. It is a very good practice, but we have a more important object in view. Dise- ing the stubble is not nearly so. satis- factory for the purpose of getting weeds to germinate early in the spring as shallow plowing. In dealing with the weed problem we also deal with the conservation of moisture and gain both objects at the same time. _ The plow that will do the best work is a mouldboard plow, preferably a 12: inch gang plow with a long, low-down mouldboard, one that is short and abrupt will break the furrow in turn- ing over. It will be found necessary to lower the coulter as far as possible so that the furrow is cut cleanly to enable the plow to turn the furrow at a uni- form depth as near as possible to two inches deep.

Harrow in. Spring In the spring the shallow plowing

, Should be harrowed to warm up the soil

and hasten the germination of as many weed seeds and volunteer grains as pos- sible. If the land is intended to be sown with wheat, the field should be

Watched closely so that when the weeds

are out in leaf or, in the case of wild oats, they should be well above the ground, before plowing under. If only the points are showing thru the ground and it is then plowed, they will turn around and come up again, and the ob- ject we have in view will be: defeated. The wild oat and all weeds should be out in green leaf. As soon as advis- able make the plowing as deep as pos- sible. At this time it needs good judg- ment, When we say deep plowing, bring up at least one inch of new soil. A great many fields have never been plowed more than four or in some cases three inehes deep. Land should be plowed one inch deeper.

This inch of new or, in cases where the previous plowing has been done at Six or seven inches, firm soil will be needed for the mulch. Even two inches

Continued on Page 14

8 (1200)

THE GRAIN. GROWERS” GUIDE

August 18, 1915

J 4 RASS on on On OH ON ON ON ON ON ONO ONONONONONONONONON ONO ON ON ON TOMA ON OLONON ODA ONO OAD OA OA OAOAORONONOANONONONONOND Z

e pass

Very seldom indeed does the differ- ence between cash and any future price equal the full cost of carrying. vet ly it is a great deal less. As a rule the cash demand is greater than the future demand, but sometimes the cash supply is less than the future supply. Hither set of conditions narrows the difference between prices. Exactly the same situ- ation may arise in the differences be- tween prices for the different futures. The supply and demand is always changing and the differences are always fluctuating. They play a most import- ant part in the merchandising of grain. They must be constantly watched and instant advantage taken of favorable changes.

Effect of Closed Navigation

We have seen that water transporta- tion is the cheapest and is used as much as possible in the grain trade. The great bulk of our business is therefore based on lake freights. Navigation on the Great Lakes is closed for the winter from early in December to late in April. Therefore, after the close, grain in store at Fort William or Port Arthur must lie until spring to be shipped by boat. This tends to make the Decem- ber-May difference somewhere near full earrying charge. We have seen how the country elevators buy grain in the country during the winter for shipment at the opening of navigation, As it is purchased it is sold for May delivery. This selling of May futures will sel- dom allow the December-May difference to reach full carrying charge. The rail- ways also enter with rates to the east reduced to such level that it is a little cheaper to ship all-rail than to wait for the opening of navigation. This starts eash buying for immediate shipment. This tends to further narrow the dif- ference to May, and buying will usual- ly continue as long as the market prices will allow profitable shipment. all-rail. Sometimes a keen demand will drive cash prices away out of line.

But the most important effect of closed navigation is seen in the prices prevailing in the fall, All transporta- tion and elevator facilities are taxed to the utmost in the keen endeavor to get out as much grain as possible by the cheap water rates before winter sets in. This throws a great quantity on the market in a very short time. The consumers naturally take advantage of the situ- ation, knowing that the sellers can afford to reduce prices almost to the basis of all-rail shipment. This, coupled with the natural depression arising from the immense supply of grain of- fered, constantly operates to reduce the prices, both for cash and future, until December. This frequently results in driving the price for each succeeding month below that for cash grain. This causes an inverted economic structure — grain which should be worth a higher price is actually worth a less price. Thus the effect of closed naviga- tion shows not only during that period when it is ac- tually elosed, but also for some time in the fall when navigation is open and our grain is moving in large volume. One of the most serious factors in setting prices is the ease or diffi- culty in obtaining credit to finance purchases, Normal-

Article V1.—The Grain

DEO Re Gi OD AE IEP “A AD LD Oe ie AE NY EE SE A A A A I I A AP A A EN RE GS A OY OE Ee he LD EE A Re vA FORGAON OH OA ONO OA OHTA OA ONDA OOH OAH OHTA DTA OA ALAA A DAA LA AA LAA ALATA DLA GA DADA OHA LOH OATH OA Q GDL DDO LPL LL LLL LILLE LLL LLL LEE LE LEE LE LLL LL LE ELLE LLL LE LEE EL ILE ILE TA LIT TY, t ) t

Dominion Government transfer

Marketing Your Grain

A Series of Articles Showing the Various Stages and Steps by which the Grain Crop of Western

Canada is carried from the Farm to the Foreign Market

Exchan

(CONTINUED)

Proposed Dominion Government terminal elevator at Vancouver

ly, there is sufficient credit in West- ern Canada to move our crop with- out effect upon prices other than allow- ance at ordinary interest rates. As in- terest rate varies so the differences be- tween prices for different deliveries will vary to somewhat the same extent. Any difficulty in obtaining funds will dim- inish buying ‘and hence lower prices. During the financial stress in the fall of 1907, credit generally was sharply curtailed regardless of rate. This had a disastrous effect upon prices, because cash grain had to be sacrificed at forced sales to repay loans which had been called and also because credit was not available to finance daily cash settlements on distant futures. was exceptional, for as a rule financial stringency does not ‘affect future prices until delivery time approaches. This is due to the fact that comparatively little eredit is necessary to finance daily set- tlements and credit facilities thus do not ordinarily become an important fac- tor until delivery is made and payment demanded. af

Limit for Deliveries

When grain is bought or sold for any

This |

“>, the buyer.

elevator at Port Colbourne, Ont.

‘future delivery, delivery must be made and accepted within a stipulated period. The rules of the various exchanges spe- eify that the delivery shall be in the month named and on any day thereof at the option of the seller. Thus if grain is sold for May delivery the buyer has to be prepared to accept de- livery and pay for it on the first day of the month, but the seller need not make delivery until the last day of the month. This seems to be the only jus- tification for the name ‘‘option’’ as applied to a trade for future delivery. If on any day during the month the seller tenders delivery’of the grain and the buyer is not prepared to accept and pay for it, there has been a breach of contract. If the seller has not tendered delivery at the close of business hours on the last day of the month, there has also been a breach of contract, and in either case the aggrieved party has an action for damages. Thus the ability of the seller to make delivery is an im- portant. ‘factor in dealing in futures. As a Tule’ the problem is simpler for

é He has merely to arrange

‘the financing, whereas the seller has to

ge and Grain Marketing

Extensive additions have been made to this house.

SHEKESKSKDSKSKSFEKSKEH

arrange for the physical transportation of all grain he may have sold and which was not in store at delivery point when the sale was made.

How Grain is ‘‘Cornered’’

It is upon this difficulty of the seller to make delivery within the specified time that all corners are based. A dar- ing speculator with sufficient financial backing will estimate the supply deliv- ‘erable in some one future month, If he thinks he can’ pay for all that may be delivered to him he goes into the open market and buys all that is offered for that month, which will usually be more than sellers can deliver. He ac- cepts and pays for all that is tendered to him, and then he has cases for dam- ages against the sellers who cannot de- liver all the grain that they may have sold him. The measure of damages will be the additional cost to the buyer of procuring his grain from others up- on the same market. When the sellers find they cannot make delivery they try to buy it from other people. This at once puts up the price on themselves,

,80 that when the measure of their de-

fault is ascertained they are compelled to pay the difference between their selling price and current market price, which has been raised by their own bid- ding.

Attempted corners are usually unsue- cessful, because the high prices’ bring out a great deal more grain than is counted on. This makes the burden too heavy for the buyer, as he has created an artificial condition and has no outlet except at a loss for’any of the grain which he may have’ accepted at abnormal prices. Occasionally, how- ever, a corner is operated by somebody farsighted enough to anticipate an ‘ac- tual rise in values. This happened in Chicago only three or four years ago. In this case the buyer started buying months in advance. When delivery time came the export value was higher than the price which he paid on his pur- chases, but he had bought so much that there was no more for sale. He was then in position to take delivery of all that was offered him’ and re-sell the same grain for export at a very handsome profit. The difference in the two situa- tions is that under the arti- ficial conditions which are usually created in the oper- ation of a corner, the entire profit is looked for thru the defaults of the sellers. In the other situation, where actual consumption condi- tions have been accurately estimated, the profit is looked for in the mérchan- dising of the grain itself at an increased value, and any profit derived from defaults of sellers ig but incidental to. the transaction. Trad- ing in contracts which ma- ture some time in the future naturally involves further | trading or cancellation any time before delivery is re- quired. As the original trade does not involve the present peyment of any money by either buyer or seller, there should be es- tablished a method of guar- anteeing the eventual com- pletion of the contract by delivery of the goods and full payment therefor for the protection of both buyer and seller. It is nat- ural that if anyone buys grain and when the market goes down so that when he

Continued on Page 19

August 18, 1915

SASKATCHEWAN FIELD HOSPITAL

Editor, Guide:—I have received a good many letters from different places in Saskatchewan asking whether the uni- versity is giving this hospital and how help can be given. t

May I say to all your readers that this field hospital is being given by the pro- vince of Saskatchewan to help the wound- ed’ in this: way: The government of Saskatchewan is giving $10,000, the College of Physicians and Surgeons are giving all they own, viz., $10,000, and they are asking the general public to give the remaining $20,000.

The hospital will have 10 doctors, 27 nurses and 84 dressers, helpers, etc., etc. It will contain 200 beds. Each bed will cost $50 complete and the British govern- ment will then maintain it. Any doctor in the province can give more particulars about the hospital, and if not write to Dr. McG. Young of Saskatoon, who is taking a very active interest in this matter.

The men working on the new bridge here gave $414 towards the hospital. The ministers of Saskatoon are giving one bed. Many places all over the province are helping as it is a provincial affair. - We cannot all go and fight, tho the cause is a righteous one; but we can all give something to help the wounded. er- mans. and Austrians could help too because all wounded are helped, friend or foe alike, in our hospitals.

Yours faithfully, G. E. LLOYD. Emmanuel College, : Saskatoon.

CO-OPERATION AND BANKING

_ Editor, Guide:—From careful observa- tion and study I find the chief difficulty in the way of co-operative associations making progress in trade is lack of ready money. In studying Herrick’s ‘Rural Credits’ I find that the Raiffeisen system combines. banking with trading. The Quebec Act governing co-operative as- sociations also permits this, and further, Mr. Herrick, who is a recognized authority, recommends one act to cover, all co- operative activities of farmers and that trading and banking be combined. He further states that a co-operative bank is simpler, and more readily conducted than a store or trading company.

I would suggest that an effort be made to enlarge the scope of the Saskatchewan Act to permit co-operative banking to be introduced and that the principles so thoroughly tested by Desjardins be adopted in forming the association. If we are to be.as successful as the European farmers have. been; we are then in line

for. provincial unions working under a . Dominion wide federal. bank, with a government charter.

' 'T. M. BRYCE,

THE COUNTRY MERCHANT

Editor, Guide:—The letter of a ‘““Coun- try Merchant” should be welcome’ if it

indicates a disposition to confer with us .

regarding our common differences. It contains nothing new, however, or of value to the discussion. We have heard the same tale so often that we can almost repeat it backward; and I can imagine such letters being written in satire by some farmer with a sense of humor. A truer version of the story would read something, like. this:

““A man of predatory instincts, desir- ing to follow a natural vocation, establishes himself in a country district, with a stock of goods that won’t sell anywhere else. He marks the cost price of these goods in letters rather than in figures because his personal safety requires it. He dares not make these prices known for the people of the district would not tolerate him in their midst for a single day if they knew the full extent of his impositions. .In some cases he gives largely and loudly to charitable institu- tions for advertising. purposes, and pays taxes for local improvements because he has to; not because he wants to. He would escape them if he could, and he is in this particular case merely taking Shakespeare's advice in trying to assume a virtue. (This. part. of the tale. has been omitted by, a “Country Merchant,”

THE GRAIN GROWERS’ GUIDE

The Mail Bag

publish all letters received, views. of writer, tho not necessarily for publication.

but an effort

perhaps because the deception is too evident, but the story would not be complete without some reference to his public benefactions). In time he gets such a reputation for poor goods and high prices that no one will buy off him who can possibly avoid it, and he loses the cash trade.”

Meanwhile the slow-minded farmers have been doing some hard _ thinking and they have about concluded that the local retail business as commonly con- ducted is not an industry deserving

AN OPEN FORUM This page is maintained to allow free discussion of all questions vital to western farmers. Up to the limit of space letters will be published Riving, boule A Aas of all such questions, w made Short letters will be given preference, All letters must be Unused letters will be returned if accompanied by postage.

‘considers — that

It is not posible to represen’ ‘erent by name and address

to select those most fairly accompanied

He loyalty, like charity, should begin at home, and he does not care to support doubtful local institutions at the expense of his own family. He has heard much about’ the advantage of building up prosperous towns, but the urgent need of improvements in his own surroundings appeals to him with greater force, and if he is not a fool, the stronger arguments will prevail. If, for want of capital or any other reason, local mer- chants cannot offer equal value to their

where he can secure the best value.

Rice : ays First prize, Percheron mare, ‘‘Nellle,’’ and foal, at Calgary. Exhibited by E. A. ‘Davenport, Acme, Alta.

support, but. more of the nature of a parasite regaring. extinction. If its dis- position cannot be changed, some more economical methods: ‘of ‘exchange — will likely be employed. and the ‘“‘hero” or villian” of the tale will have to:move on or conform ‘to’ better practice: -

The organizations: of the farmers now makes it possible for them to secure fair terms or nes the business themselves and the ‘action; or: want of action, of the retail merchants ‘will decide. which alternative they will take. We have hada conference of Grain::Growers’ representatives and manufacturers; # similar consultation with the Retailers’ Association might be fruitful of “good results’ and” remove

competitors, perhaps a combination with the Grain Growers would overcome this disability. It may be» that the lure of high ‘profits, has induéed too many to engage in the retail trade. But whatever are the causes of the present unsatis- factory conditions;‘the best interests of the public in general and-the farmers in particular requiré that they be removed.

: bi FF. HOWELL. Boissevain. ;

CO-OPERATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF PROFITS

Editor, Guide:—J. B. Musselman’s letter in your issue of June 16 will un- doubtedly mislead most of your readers,

he keeps accurate records of men’s time, and r loss every day.

the farmer. to be deducted

Thresher’s Account Book contains:

2 Sheets Time Book for Names, etc. 10 Sheets Week’s Record Forms

20 Account Forms

20 Duplicates of Accounts

The book is book constructed to stand rough usage. PriCe. Of ONO! CODY. orc sing acca ctess $1.00

troublesome difficulties.. I. believe our executive. would be quite willing to meet them and be reasonable in their sugges- tions for improvement,., In forming the basis for an agreement, two important features in: the situation;.should be kept in mind. First—The.-local store is no longer a necessity, but ..a,, convenience affording valuable accommodation, and the individual will, as.a rule, buy, goods

Thresher’s Account Book

_ No Thresherman can be sure that he is getting full pay for all his work unless the amount o receipts and expenditures. pret ° It is easy to keep and gives the standing every night.

n this book the most striking feature is that two minutes after the last sheaf -has been passed thru the machine the threshing account may be Supplies to laborers are kept in a systematic form always ready m the wages account. There can be no “‘leakholes."’ The

2 Sheets Summary Gains and Losses . bound with stiff boards, i) with leatherette, having projecting edges. A ize oO

Postpaid to any address in Canada. ‘Address all orders to

Book Dept., Grain Growers’ Guide, Winnipeg, Man.

rain ed, as well as his his book will show him his

handed to

4 Sheets Laborers’ Petty Ledger 2 Sheets Standard Journal 2 Sheets Standard Ledger 62 Sheets Labor Saving Records

f book 83% by 11. Price for two copies ...,..........

because like Mr. Musselman they will have no personal knowledge of the work- ings of co-operation in Britain. It seems strange, that,a, man who is apparently managing a trading concern, which is in no respect modelled upon the British plan, should be taking exception to the act that other companies also are not modelled upon it.

Why discuss the practicability: of . the

(1201) 9

“co-operative F distribution of profits’ until the advisability of such distribution be shown? Mr. Musselman may not be aware that the shareholders of the co- operative societies in Britain are mostly working men, men who draw weekly wages and who looking about for an oppor- tunity of investing to advantage their savings, give preference to the co-opera- tive societies, because they thereby draw larger dividends.

Now, the unfortunate Western farmer

has no savings lying idle and therefore when he makes investments he necessarily must look for returns as great as the per- centage he must pay for loans—10 per cent. or more. Has hs then any less the spirit of co-operation than his British brother? _ The point which is overlooked by many in this discussion is that the British work- man has a perennial surplus, but having no business in which he can use it, in- vests it in the local co-operative society, thereby continually building up co-opera- tive business until it has become a gigantic concern. Whereas, the Western farmer is engaged in a business which swallows all his surplus and therefore is unable, even if willing, to build up co-operative con- cerns in the British way. If Mr. Mussel- man or anyone else can show how farmers’ companies can be built up except by converting the phe into capital, let: him come along and show us.

The Grain Growers’ Grain Company and the Saskatchewan Co-operative Ele- vator Company chose the only method by which farmers’ companies could become powerful and helpful, and if there are weaknesses or abuses, these cannot be eradicated by ‘co-operative distribution of profits.”

The greatest puzzle to me is if Mr. Musselman has such faith in the British plan why did he not use his influence to strengthen the Winnipeg Co-operative Society, which is formed on the British plan, instead of helping to launch a com- petitive He pied which is not modelled

on any plan W. W. LINDLEY. Semans, Sask.

DISTRIBUTION. OF PROFITS

Editor, Guide:—In a recent issue of The Guide there appeared an article in reference to the distribution of profits made by the farmers’ grain companies. It should be clearly understood that these are not co-operative, but joint stock com- panies owned and controlled by farmers, whose profits are paid to the shareholders. The shipper does not share in these profits. Why should he?

ake for instance The Grain Growers’ Grain Company which was formed by a

‘few farmers who gave their time and

risked their money to make conditions in the grain business better until today this company has the record of cleanin: up many cloudy phases of the trade an enabling all shippers of grain to receive more for their produce than would other- wise have. been possible. It now makes little difference to whom a shipper ships his grain, he is receiving for every car he sells more money than the dividend would amount to on many shares of capital stock in any of these concerns. There is no cause for uneasiness because these enterprises are not co-operative. They were begun by men of good sense, who realized that, co-operation must be conducted on recognized business prin- ciples or be a failure.

In attempting to reduce the cost of articles which the farmer must buy, it is evident that their efforts will not be the success expected by many. They may reduce the cost of articles to the con- sumer, but it is because of the cash system in use and the real saving is made to the farmer in the system of marketing: This directly injures the local man, and he having a real service to perform in his relation to the whole social and economic structure must be taken into consideration if we are going to make any permanent success with our co-operative movement. Co-operation in a limited sense. defeats its purpose, it should be developed in the broadest sense of the word that it may be a power to drive wrong doing from our business life and bring about a better understanding between people of different vocations and their relations to each

Continued on Page 16

10 (1202)

THE. GRAIN

GROWERS’

GUIDE

August 18, 19415

The Country Homemakers

CONDUCTED BY FRANCIS MARION BEYNON.

KEEPING YOUNG

It was three dear young ladies of seventy who set me to wondering how they had bribed Father Time into letting them keep their youth, they who, for all their years, were light of foot, merry of heart and brisk of mind. As I set to wondering upon their youthfulness and to studying their characteristics I found that they had one in common which might be the cause thereof. ‘They were all three keenly interested in public questions and well informed on them. — I think perhaps the clue to the perennial youth of these three grandmothers lies in the fact that they never allowed their thoughts to be bounded by the petty round of household duties, for it is the women who think in cycles of stupid, uninteresting thoughts whose minds grow dull and stupid and old while their bodies are still young. Mrs. Mary Nicolaeff, our Russian friend, expressed it very neatly in a letter to me one day when she said: ‘I try to make them see that to fight for an ideal, even tho it be a wrong ideal, is better than to have one’s horizon bounded by pies.” Of course we are all busy folk, and have little time to give to outside things but even the busiest have time to rea some beautiful thought to be turning over in our minds as we go about our work during the day. Perhaps that is the reason why one often finds such fine people in the homes where the morn- ing is started with the reading of the Bible, because their thoughts are set above their little rounds of duties. In the English language there are few more magnificent and stately pieces of litera- ture than that wonderful allegory of old age and death in the last chapter’ of Ecclesiastes and none more beautiful in sentiment and expression than that chapter on love which commences 1n the old version, which is equally as clear and far more beautiful than the new, “Qharity suffereth long and is kind. If there is a scarcity of good books in the home, which may well be the case in the homesteader’s shack, many gems of thought from the greatest authors will be found in the children’s school books. In the Manitoba fourth reader when I was teaching school, was to be found that beautiful poem, by Oliver Wendell Holmes, ‘The Chambered Nau- tilis,”” in which he compares the soul to the nautilis which builds a new and bigger room onto its shell each year and moves into it, sealing up the old door. The last stanza is like the magnificent roll of a beautiful pipe organ: Build vie more stately mansions, O°my soul,

As the swift seasons roll!

Leave thy low-vaulted past,

Let each new temple, nobler than the last,

Shut thee from Heaven with a dome more vast

Till thou at length art free,

Leaving thine outgrown shell by life’s unresting sea.

The third, fourth and fifth readers at this time contained the very cream of our English literature, tender lilting selections from James Whitcomb. Riley and. Bugene Field, gems from Dickens and Burns, fine passages from Shakes- peare, with here and there a glint of sheer nonsense from such noted humorists as Mark Twain.

A passage such as that quoted above from one who thought in beautiful measures kept in mind during the da: should pitch the thoughts above all meanness and spite and it is safe to say that the one who thinks in such. loft; terms will rarely become feeble in mind, however the body may suffer at the hands of time.

FRANCIS MARION BEYNON.

“THE WAY CHILDREN REASON

Children’s sayings are often quoted in order to provoke a smile. They are much more full of interest to the student (and that student ought to be the mother) as showing the deve opment of the little one’s reason. A child’s early. expressions are descriptive of mental processes, when rightly understood. A father offered ‘his small son some pennies, and the boy

said, ‘Papa, give me some tear money.” He meant paper money, which. would tear. Little Christine said, ‘‘Good-morn- ing, Paul.” Then, ‘“Good-morning, Paul’s mamma.’’ The grown woman’s chief claim to notice in the child’s mind was that she was the mother of her playmate.

Here is an instance of sorrowful reason- ing: A woman told me that she had a twin sister who died in early youth. This sister was beautiful, while she her- self had a bad birthmark. She reasoned that others loved the sister because she was beautiful, and did not like her be- cause of her disfigurement. Therefore, in her thoughts, she always called her sister by what seemed to her the ugliest name she knew, and that was Matilda. Poor child, who reasoned thus! How much she suffered.

Some of the neighbors’ children thought in a violent thunderstorm that they could gain God’s protection by offering some- thing to Him. So they put a plate of fine cherries outside on the window sill. Af- ter the storm had subsided, they wanted very much to eat the cherries, but were afraid to do so. Superstitious reasoners —like some grown-ups.

When my little niece prayed a long time one: night, and was asked why, she

the reality or unreality of romance, it called forth the following from a business woman:

“Who can contradict her? Not I— not anybody I know. Perhaps some will suggest I am narrow-minded, or know few people, or am not observing. They will be wrong. I have been a wage-earner for the past twelve years ahd am still such, and have clerked in at least twelve large establishments, each time moving to better my con- ditions and am now with a very large medical publishing house. Consequent- ly I have met girls by the hundreds and always get well acquainted. There is no one who would like to see romance flourish more than I—for myself and my acquaintances—I search for it in my readings and in my friends, experiences, and among my married friends. I can not point out one case of it, and in the majority of cases not even an imitation of the ‘Lost Art.’ I have been courted, and dined and humored and given ‘what- ever my little heart desired,’ to quote one discarded trifler of my acquaintance. But that is where the romance ends as far as my personal experience goes, and so I can report of more than a dozen girl chums whose confidante I have been.

A simple and charming entrance arrangement

answered ingenuously, that she didn’t like to say her prayers and so had said them seven times, to last a week!

Here is an instance where the reason- ing power would seem to be defective in certain directions. A small girl just be- ginning to write, sent this message to her little friend in another city: “Come down to the 6.45 train, the twenty-first, twenty- second, twenty-third or twenty-fourth, for we are going thru on one of those morn- ings.” Cultivation in exactness was needed here.

The following is an example of really advanced reasoning: Two little girls de- lighted in gathering horse-chestnuts, Some trees stood outside the walk in front of the grounds. One girl suggested that they ought to ask permission of the owner. ‘The other answered quickly, “They’re not Mr. B’s trees, they’re God’s trees.” This was because they seemed to her to be off the premises, and I was ap- pealed to, to decide the question.

These are not made-up stories. They are genuine specimens of budding reason- ings. The study of such mental processes would be of practical assistance to any mother, giving her a keener insight into the workings of her child’s mind, and causing her to treat the awakening mental and ee life with better judgment. —H. A. H.

IS ROMANCE DEAD? When The Delineator, being in a sentimental mood, wrote an editorial on

Romances we read nowadays fascinate

us like Aladdin and Blue Beard did in our’

childhood days. Now that I am in m

second childhood, being nearly thirty,

still dream of the wonders of our modern love-tales. ‘We hear a lot of loose talk about divorce, but little about those who stay married.’ I know much of those who stay married and so do we all. Most have a look of resignation and a deter- mination to endure or make the best of it. In some more pitiful instances there is an abundance of love or ‘romance,’ but it is all one-sided, either enjoyed or rather suffered by the wife or Hgaand and she or he, as the case may be, waiting patient- ly, but as we outsiders observe, in vain, to awaken a responsive chord in the indifferent and ice-cold anti-romantic better halves. I can send you in dozens of real live romances full of ginger by picking chapters from my _ own life, and when that is finished starting in with my girl chums at random, but I can not make them end with “They were married and lived happily ever after.’ That is the kind you are asking for, but I believe you will not get any truthful ones. We can all make believe. I have a wonder- ful imagination too. Where will we get the truth? How many times can we pick out what we have always considered an ideal married couple and then have all our dreams tumble after paying them a visit of some length? Too bad—yes, that is the answer. Who will suggest the remedy? We girls are willing enough—

we all love romance just as much as our great-grandmothers. ‘To speak the real truth—we are just ‘starving for love,’ but we have to be satisfied with men who take us in their arms and in a firm, earn- est voice say: ‘You are.part of my life.’ Why do they say so and even a hundred more such things? It seems, just for the momentary sport of saying so. I haven’t seen but one in a dozen make good. ‘Of all sad words of tongue or pen, the sad- dest are these: ‘Stung again’,”’ pen i. M. P.

GOOD AND BAD

Dear Miss Beynon:—Perhaps it is our pretty pictures of ‘Interior Dwel- ings’. makes me think of the many thousands of Western farm homes I have seen, and perhaps it is some of the pitiful letters from women I have read makes me think of the many farm women’s lives I have come in contact with.

For many years I have come in con- stant contact with women and men, Westerners, good ones and some poor ones.

I have known bad men, but more good ones.

For instance let us go back to the pretty pictures of your lovely interior dwellings. We see no such places on the Western Prairie. ‘‘Men’s fault,”’ you say. Not always. One young bride said to me the other day: “I simply can not keep my work done, I’ve so much to do.”” She had one cow, twelve chick- ens, herself and husband and a one-room house. Another said: “Too much _ to do.”’ She had three cows, a few chickens, no children; still her house was fairly reeking. Then there is another and another and no telling how many women who simply will not have children be- cause they are “too much bother,” and then there “would be ‘no fun.” But still hubbie loves ’em, dear little babies. We like them but—they’re too much bother. Go into at least a third of the homes and you will get this view.

Then there are the women who are so badly treated. They nag and pick at the “guid mon.” They also talk at least an hour about that colt. that got cut in the fence, also tell them eleven times a day they smoke and never forget to mention the fact that they have not had a new dress for a year. Neither do they forget to say twice during the meal that there is “just about enough young ’uns,” and that they pity the women who have such bad men, etc.

Now don’t all talk at once. There are bad men, but the last mentioned women of the three kinds I have spoken of cannot be beaten for driving men mad. Why have they got to nag all the time? They never have time to picture the house as our editor has pictured these for us; they take no time and give no care to a pretty, nicely fixed place. If you do not believe my word, some of you put on your hat, accept an agency of some kind, tour the West for a few months, and make a note of the average farm home. Look at the work. Sixty scream-

ing chickens, a row of. peas, lettuce and radish, a slaughtering house, eight o’clock supper, hubbies cross, no kind words to those babies, if any, but yet there is the pretty home, the good wife and every- thing goes smoothly. But yet we know if there are always clouds, what can we expect if there comes some storm once in a while? Try, dear little women, to smile tonight. Don’t say anything crossly i one day and see the change— yeu will always do it then. I would ike to see this discussed amongst the women and men of the Homemakers’ page, but don’t all be cross and jump at

HELEN MALONEY.

LETTERS FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Any person desiring to communicate to a contributor to this page must en- close the letter in a plain stamped en- velope and forward it in another en- velope to the editor of this page, with a note saying for whom the letter is in- tended. ‘Addresses will not be sent out under any circumstances.

August 18, 1915

OFFICERS:

Hon, President—D. W. Warner .. President—James Speakman .. .- ++ Vice-Presidents—

H, W. Woods .. ..

8. S. Dunham .. .

Rice Sheppard .. .-

W. D. Trego .. «+ os oe ee oe ffec.-Treasurer—P. P. Woodbridge .. .-

.. Edmonton «+ Penhold

«. +» Carstairs ++ Lethbridge .. Edmonton

« Gleichen

Calgary

LESSONS FROM THE PROHIBITION VOTE

We have great reason, ‘as U.F.A. men, to feel proud of the vote cast on July 21. Not only on account of the victory gained by’ the temperance cause, but also, and perhaps chiefly because the vote is the first, and a splendidly suc- cessful, experiment in Canada in apply- ing the principle of Direct Legislation, a principle which was embodied in our provincial legislation directly thru the efforts of the U.F.A. We have never made a secret of our opinion that the Direct Legislation Act of 1913 is a very imperfect embodiment of the Direct Legislation principle; probably — no other question than prohibition would be large enough, would evoke sufficient universal and intense interest to force its way thru the difficulties set up in the act. The act must -be radically amended if it is to be workable for ordinary questions, ‘and this contest has revealed some weaknesses. that we did not detect before. For instance, it is provided that if the legislation peti- tioned for does not carry, similar legis- lation cannot be presented for the next three years. But it is not provided that if it does carry, it shall remain in force any length of time without being sub- ject to repeal. That, of course, must be altered.

But however imperfect the form of the Direct Legislation Act, the first ex- periment with the Direct Legislation principle in Canadian or British history has turned out a splendid success. How far reaching the results of this may be no one can foretell. It may fairly be termed a’ political revolution, Here is a great legislative act, originated and drafted by the people, without the in- tervention of government or parlia- ment, placed before the people, voted on by the people, entirely on. its merits, without any entanglement of party poli- ties, without affecting the position of any government, or party leader or poli- tician. And the people have responded to the eall. For once they have been able to vote as they thought without being perplexed by side issues, or par- ty cries; and they have voted in larger numbers than at any party election. The vote was an outburst of popular liberty, free for once from party chains. July 21 is a red letter day, not merely in temperance reform but in popular government. It is the day of the great- est triumph the U.F.A. has yet won.

JAS.. SPEAKMAN

DEWBERRY ‘‘DOES ITS BIT’’

Dewberry Local, No. 98, is pleased to report that in response to the appeals of our worthy president and women’s auxiliaries, we have ‘‘done our bit’’ toward putting Alberta on the water wagon by co-operating with all the prohibition forces. At our regular meeting, on July 3, Rev. J. C, Ander- son, Methodist minister, late of Ver- milion, now of Coronation, addressed a good attendance on behalf of the pro- posed measure for about two hours, at the close of which considerable discus- sion took place, and while the feeling was not absolutely unanimous, two of our members, Thos. Saville and Fred Blair, acted as ‘‘dry’’.scrutineers at Dewberry poll, while numerous other members exerted themselves strenuous- ly to get the vote out and make it as favorable as possible, with the result that most of it was polled, going aye 56, nay 14. Greenlawn poll, just north of us, which embraces Elkworth and part of Riverton unions, with which we are closely associated, went 52 to 16 for the act, while Islay, the nearest rail- road point, at which is situated our co- operative elevator, and adjoins us im- mediately on the south, went dry to the tune of 100 to 15. The total vote is very favorable over ‘a very large area taking our district as a centre. What’s the matter with Dewberry?

THE GRAIN GROWERS’ GUIDE

Alberta

This Section of The Gulde Is conducted officially for the United Farmers of Alberta by P. P. Woodbridge, Secretary, Calgary, Alberta, to whom all communt- catlons for this page should be sent,

WHERE ARE OUR UNIONS?

I have recently been able to make a few trips into the country, and in do- ing so have learned many things which doubtless would not have come to my knowledge otherwise. For instance, I have heard a great deal in regard to the seed grain supplied by the Do- minion Government, both in regard to quality and price, yet at the time this seed grain was being distributed and planted, not a single complaint was re- ceived at this office, tho asked for by official circular. It is now, of course, too late to do anything in this matter.

Another and more serious thing is, I am told from several places that the banks have refused in cases of abso- lute need to supply farmers with the necessary few dollars. of credit that would enable them to purchase binder twine, yet not a single letter to this effect has reached this office, and I am quite unable to tell whether the complaint is general or to quote any number of specific instances which would be necessary if we are to se- cure relief, which I am quite positive we could secure if our unions were sending us the information. The same applies also to harvest help. We hear indirectly from several places that the labor shortage is already severe, and will become even more acute. within the next few weeks, yet there is not a word to this effect from our local unions to this office whereby we can take any steps to alleviate or remove entirely such shortage.

One could continue to quote a hun- dred and one cases of this kind where if the Central Office had the informa- tion the work could be done, and a great deal of relief, in some cases com- plete relief, afforded to the members of our local unions. We are here to give you service, but we do not know. that these things are happening and cannot find out unless our local unions will report them. There are some phases of our work where the local can act alone and get results; there are many others where the Central Of- fice, with the whole weight of our great association at the back of it, is the only medium that is big enough to attract attention and get results in high quarters. This phase of the work of our association is being neglected because our local unions are not send- ing to the Central Office the informa- tion and reports in regard to matters wherein we have power as they should be doing. Give the Central Office a chance to show what it can do by re- porting as briefly as you wish condi- tions which are not what they should be in your district, where there is the slightest possibility that the influence of our organization brought to bear in the right place and with the proper authorities would result in immediate relief.

Give us a chance to mend these things. If anyone can do it, your as- sociation can, and.the medium for the association to work thru is the Central Office. Give us the opportunity to give you better value for your. money.

—P.P.W.

DIRECTOR VICKERY REPORTS

H. G. Vickery, director for the Strathcona constituency, reports that on July 4 last a district association pic- nic was held at Edgerton, at which he and Rice Sheppard, of Edmonton, were present as speakers. A large crowd was present, and a band met the speakers at the depot. A first-class program of sports was run off. The speaking was listened to with great in- terest, Rice Sheppard’s address being really good, and Mr. Vickery feels that a tremendous amount of good was done in every way. Special mention is made of the untiring efforts of President Ford and Secretary Guthrie. President Ford, in particular, was busy until the early hours of the morning after. Mr. Guy was in charge of the refreshment stand and Henry Spencer sold tags.

‘U.F.A, has ever made.

Mr. Vickery concludes that altogether a very profitable and enjoyable time was spent in Edgerton. :

Mr. Vickery also reports in regard to organization work at Amisk, where two new unions have been added re- cently. He states that there are a number of good men in this community and that U.F.A. work is likely to pros- per there in the near future. Felix Ohberg, who has taken the position of secretary of one of the unions, is spe- cially mentioned both for ability and enthusiasm, and the credit for forming these two new unions is very largely given to him. Undoubtedly others will develop as the work continues to pro- gress.

MRS. McCLUNG WAS THERE

A splendid report is in from the dis- trict picnic of the Leith Union, No. 591. We regret very much that from various causes it was not possible for the Cen- tral Office to be represented at the pic- nic. Mrs. Nellie MeClung was on hand, however, to speak on the temperance question. We understand that she has promised to come back next year, and from the report, the whole coun- tryside is likely to be there to hear her. As it was, over 400 people were on hand, and as on account of the weather the meeting had to be held under cover, standing room was at a premium, in fact, many could not get in.

The district organization has recent- ly been completed with five locals and about 300 members. The association has purchased two cars of twine al- ready unloaded, saving its members ap- proximately $700, and I am told that even the local bank manager has gone on record to the effect that the district association is the best. move that the The par value of the shares in the district association is $10 each. A reasonable percentage is added to the cost of the goods in order to pay the salary of the manager and’ 6 per cent. interest on capital invested. The balance of the profits is divided pro rata in proportion ‘to the business done.

MEDICINE HAT DISTRICT

At the invitation of Dunmore Union, U.F.A. No, 724, the following locals of the U.F.A. around Medicine Hat sent delegates to discuss the advisability of forming themselves into a district as- sociation. Fourteen locals. responded, being: Schuler, No. 649; Pashley, 732; Brecon Hill, 648; Wilkinson, 636; Min- da, 490; Dunmore, 724; Seven Per- sons, 349; Gros Ventre, 721; Rosebeg, 749; Maple Leaf, 504; Valley View, 360; Catchum, 492; Bowell, 218, and Whitla, 888. As the delegates were appointed by the respective unions on a basis of one delegate to each ten

. members or fraction thereof, and there

being over fifty delegates present, it meant a representation of about five hundred farmers around Medicine Hat.

The meeting was called to order by P. P. Woodbridge, the secretary of the Central Office at Calgary. Jas. A. Armstrong, president of Dunmore Lo- cal, was appointed chairman, and E, E. Earl, of the same local, temporary sec- retary. Upon taking the chair, Mr. Armstrong in a few words stated. the purpose for which the meeting was called, and then asked Mr. Woodbridge to address the meeting as to the ob- jects and benefits of an incorporated co-operative society. At the close of his address, Mr. Woodbridge invited the delegates present to enter into a dis- cussion of the subject and ask him any questions they wished. The discus- sion was carried on energetically for a matter of two hours, a good many questions being asked Mr. Woodbridge during the time. The discussion was brought to a close on a motion by H. T. Wilson, seconded by P. S. Wilson, of Schuler, that the meeting proceed to form an incorporated district asso- ciation, which was carried. The asso-

(4203) 14

DISTRICT DIRECTORS:

Victoria—P. 8, Austin ., .. .. «. ». Ranfurly Edmonton—George Long .. ++ ++ Namao Strathcona—H. G. Vickery + ++ Strome Macleod—G. W. Buchanan .. «+ +. Cowley Calgary—J. A. Bishop se es «+ Beddington Red Deer—D. Buckingham .. .. .. .. Stettler Medicine Hate—E. E. Sparks ..... .. +. Jenner

ciation was named the Medicine Hat District Association, and by-laws were

adopted. The following were elected provisional trustees: Jas. A. John- stone, Dunmore Local; Frank Head, of Minda Pioneers; H. C. Reish, of Rose- beg Local; F. S. Wilson, of Schuler; B. KE. Polinkas, of Whitla; Forest Kneisly, of Maple Leaf; W. A. Wilkin- son, of Wilkinson; Fred Bohmet, of Gros Ventre, and T. A. Thompson, of Valley View Local. A vote of thanks to Mr. Woodbridge was applauded in good hearty fashion, and another vote of thanks to the ‘mayor and city of Medicine Hat was likewise carried. The meeting then adjourned to,mceet again at the call of the trustees. EDGAR G. BARLB, Secretary pro tem.

VETERAN LOSES A FRIEND

G. R. Orchard, co-operative secre- tary of Veteran Union No. 363, reports that the arangements made by that union last spring for getting plow lays, coal oil, etce., have proved satis- factory and that, with the help of Broadview and Laurence Unions, they have placed orders for a large car of twine. They intend taking up the mat- ter of granary lumber at their next meeting and it is probable that orders for two or three cars will also be placed. Since spring work started, meetings have been held once a month. The Gleichen resolution re. political action by the U.F.A. was discussed at one meeting and some of the members thought it was ‘tpenny wise and pound foolish” to spend so much time in try- ing to imporve conditions by co-opera- tive purchasing and selling, and not spend more time in trying to get better governments. However, the majority present thought that money was ton scarce in this constituency to call a convention until after harvest. Altho business meetings have been kept up, the members haye been too busy to have any social entertainments lately, but on hearing that CG. Rice Jones was leaving the district to take up the duties of president of the Al- berta Farmers’ Co-operative Elevator Co., despite the fact, that it was seed- ing time,.and also that the trails were bad, about sixty friends gaye Mr. and Mrs. Jones a surprise party on May 4. During the evening the host and host- ess were presented with a cut glass water set, cream jug and sugar bowl and lady’s silver dressing set, with the following address:

“To Mr. C. Rice Jones:

_ “We take great pleasure,.on behalf of your friends of the Veteran District, in offering you this token as a slight mark of the esteem in which we hold you. We assure you that we have all appreciated the able manner in which you have furthered the cause of the farmers of the district and we deeply regret that by your absence the dis- trict will lose one of its ablest citizens and Veteran U.F.A. one of the most carnest and conscientious advocates of its rights. We sincerely wish you every success in your future connec- tions with the Alberta Farmers’ Co-

, operative Blevator Co.”

Mr. Jones, who feelingly replied for Mrs. Jones and himself, said that he was in a measure sorry to leave the farm and district, but that he felt he was going to a position of greater use- fulness for the Alberta farmers. Also

‘that he hoped he would always be

worthy of the esteem they held him in.

Mrs. Rice Jones, who until then had been prevented from doing any organ-

izing work for the Ladies’ Auxiliaries, of which she is vice-president, on ac- count of the illness of her son, took the opportunity of starting a Ladies’ Auxiliary to the Veteran Union, twelve or thirteen members joining and sey- eral more have joined since.

FOR RECIPROCITY?

To a degrée Liverpool fixes the price of wheat. But we all know that the best market is the adjacent market.— Toronto News. ee

12 (1204) CENTRAL BOARD MEETS Taking cone: of the cheap fares obtainable during the week of the Regina

Exhibition and also of the presence in Regina on other business of several of their number, the Central Board held a meeting in the capital during all of the day and evening of Thursday, July 29. With the exception of M. P. Roddy director of district No. 3, there was a full attendance of the board, including Presi- dent Maharg, Vice-President A. G. Hawkes, Secretary J. B. Musselman, District Directors J. F. Reid, Thos. Sales,” John LL, Rooke, Andrew Knox, T. M. Morgan, W. T. Hall, W. H. Lilwall. W. H. Beesley, George E. Noggle, R. M. Johnston, J. W. Easton, F. M. Redman, C. O. A. Travis, Thorne M. Eddy, Frank Burton, and Directors at Large George Langley, C. E. Flatt and Wil. James Thompson. Besides these there were present Hon. President E. N. Hopkins and Hon. Vice-President C. A. Dunning.

The sessions were held, by the courtesy of the Saskatchewan Co-operative Ele- vator Co., in the company’s commodious new offices and as there was much business of importance to transact: adjournment did not take place until nearly midnight.

The work of the Central Executive covering the period since last convention was fully reported upon and discussed at considerable length. Many helpful suggestions were offered by various mem- bers of the board.

Economic Research

Director C. BE. Flatt, chairman of the committee on economics, gave a verbal report of the manner in which this com- mittee has been sub-divided for purposes of specific restarch. He stated that to T. M. Morgan had been allotted the task of assembling and putting into tabulated form statistics showing as nearly as possible the annual cost to an average farmer of carrying his share of the burden of the country’s protective tariff. Wil. James Thompson, he stated, had been directed to study the transportation problem and especially to gather and compile data showing the comparative charges levied against long versus short hauls as effecting the farmers of Sas- katchewan.

Mr. Flatt spoke with force of the lack of information on economic questions of the average voter and advanced the opinion that every public school teacher ought to be able to impart and should impart to his pupils information with regard to principles of taxation, and the various sources from which public monies are obtained. He referred to prospective changes in the educational system of Saskatchewan and expressed the hope that the organized farmers would be given an opportunity to co-operate with the Department of Fducation in this con- nection. A motion was passed instructing the secretary to communicate with the minister of education to ascertain what steps are being taken with a view to effecting a change in the educational sys- tem of the province.

Reports were submitted on the various activities of the association covering the

eriod January 1 to June 30 inclusive. The report of the organization department was particularly gratifying and compared very favorably with that of the corres- ponding six months of last year. The membership fees collected during this period of 1914 were” $5,586.75 as com- pared with $8,098.55” during the same period of the current year.

Association Literature

The secretary drew attention to some

literature which he has recently prepared for use in connection with the organization department. A pamphlet entitled “Ro- mance of the Grain Growers of Sas- katchewan” gives an outline of the manner in which the association came into existence, some of the work which it has accomplished and a review of its aims and objects. This pamphlet is intended for free distribution to any who may not be familiar with the origin and purpose of the association. - Another pamphlet entitled “How to Form and Carry on a Local of the §.G.G.A.” was presented. This pamphlet gives detailed information with regard to the calling of a public meeting and the organization of a local as well as some valuable suggestions for the carrying on of the work together with a long list of subjects for study, research and dis- cussion at meetings of the local.

The third booklet, “How to Conduct a Public’Meeting,” will be found of value

to those who are not fully conversant

THE GRAIN GROWERS’

GUIDE

Saskatchewan

This Section of The Guide Is conducted officlally for the Saskatchewan Graln Growers’ Assoclation by J. B. Musselman, Secretary, Moose Jaw, Sask., to whom all communications for this page should be sent.

with parliamentary!practice. This book- let has been carefully compiled in the simplest possible form, can Be read in a quarter of an hour and will put any intelligent man or woman into. possession of such knowledge of simple parliamenta procedure as will enable him to take his place creditably in any public meeting as well as to conduct one when such duty devolves upon him.

A report of the co-operative wholesale department. showed this department. to be progressing nicely. Special attention was drawn to the very loyal support of the locals, especially in the matter of binder twine business. The association has received a very large business for this commodity in the face of the fact that most strenuous efforts have been put forth by one or two of the great ~com- panies importing this commodity to side track this farmers’ movement by persuad- ing our local bodies to act independently

in the purchase of this commodity. Late Mr. Green

A resolution was drafted expressing the appreciation of the board of the services of the late Fred W. Green, as well as extending condolence of this body to his bereaved family. Out of deference to his memory it was decided to leave his place on the board and on the executive un- filled until the next annual meeting.

C. A. Dunning discussed at some length the responsibilities devolving upon the Grain _Growers of this province in con- nection with the question of public accommodation. It is evident that the action of the Grain Growers’ Association in convention was the prime factor in moving the government to abolish the bar and it was pointed out that during the present period of readjustment it is the privilege and the duty of every Grain Grower in the province and of e ery local association to lend every reasonable assistance to their respective municipal councils wherever the same are endeavor- ing to devise suitable public accommoda- tion. A circular dealing with this matter will be issued to the locals.

The question of the marketing of live- stock was discussed at some length and it was reported to the meeting that a government commission would be ap- pointed for the purpose of inquiring fully into the whole problem and reporting to the government.

J.B. M.

FOUND AT REGINA

A fountain pen was left on the registra- tion table by some member or visitor. Loser should apply to the Central office, giving full description.

A SUCCESSFUL PICNIC

Last week we unloaded our car of twine with the Gilroy Association which proved satisfactory to all. The local twine dealers at Gilroy offered a great many of our members twine on credit if they would cancel their orders with the Grain Growers, but I am glad to say we only had one flunker out of fifty, which goes to show we have a loyal bunch of fellows.

Our Grain Growers’ picnic held in Billings Grove on the 20th was attended by large crowds from all directions. The weather was all that could be desired and the beaming countenances were all that was necessary to indicate whether or not the day was passing off successfully.

The first item of interest in the day’s performance was a baseball game, Grain Growers versus the World, and the Grain Growers certainly demonstrated that they could do more than punch oxen by walloping their opponents—who, by the way, had “ringers” from Tugaske and other important big league centres—to a score of 11 to 5. Riverhurst and Gilroy then entered the field and in a nine inning game, Riverhurst gave up the ghost,

uried under a score of 7 to 4.

The lunch and refreshment booths ably catered to the wants of the merry- makers, who were not at all moderate in their demands. The dance in the evening was a decided success, being under the able and careful management of W. R. Nicoll. The music provided by Messrs. Poulton and Hart was all that could be

desired andfthe dance alone netted over

$50. Altogether, the day must be con-

sidered a decided success and showed the

careful and methodical manner in which

the arrangements had been carried out. W. D. LOCKE,

Sec’y Riverhurst Association.

COME JOIN THE GRAIN GROWERS

Come join the Grain Growers;

Ye farmers take heed,

Tis composed of your own kind of men. They’re the reapers, the sowers,

The way they will lead;

For the farmers will yet all join them.

So, come now and join,

And be one of the boys,

And some day in the future you'll say: “They have helped me make coin, Which I now can enjoy,

For they’ve driven my troubles away.”

For before we all joined,

We were robbed and oppressed

By the tyrants in cities and towns. They their pockets had lined,

And they gave us no rest

Till all that was left was our bones.

But by co-operation

We'll come to our own,

And we'll all own brick houses some day;

For a nation depends on her farmers alone,

So become a Grain Grower to-day.

A. J. McQUARRIE, Member Victoria-Edwardsville

Local.

A DIVISION

Having decided that our local covered too large a scope, making the drive too long for some of the members to attend the meetings, the following resolution was passed and will leave the people in the vicinity of the Sweet Grass school free to organize under the name of Sweet Grass, if they so desire.

Moved by Mr. Eggertson, seconded by Mr. Childs, that we, the present members of Sweet Grass Local, change the name of said local and that the secretary be instructed to write the Central secretary informing him of said change and re- questing all necessary information _re-

arding said change. Also, provided a

ocal is organized in the vicinity of the

Sweet Grass school we agree to divide

our assets as per paid up members of

this local at the present date. ‘Prosper’ was adopted as new name of our local.

kK. L. CHILDS, Sec’y Prosper Local.

WILL ENDOW A BED

Recently the ladies of the Vanceburg district held a most successful lawn social on the school grounds in aid of the Red Cross work, at which the sum of ninety- five dollars was realized. The committee intend ending a bed in one of the military hospitals.

An excellent lunch counter catered to the tastes of the audience in fruit, cake and ice cream. The assistance rendered by the ladies of Rocky Lake and Stony Beach is appreciated, both in supplying eatables and in the musical part of the program.

MRS. CHAS. McKECHNIE, Bethune, Sask. Secretary.

DANCERS HAD TO WAIT

The picnic held at Neville on July 9 proved that the Grain Growers of this district are possessed of the true spirit of co-operation and are even willing to make sacrifices to further the cause of the farmers. The pee was a joint one by the town and the Grain Growers and this insured its success from the beginning.

While the afternoon was given over to the sports, the rest of the day and the beginning of the next was to be devoted to a meeting and following the lure of the terpsichorian art.

J. A. Maharg, the president of the Association, had accepted”the invitation to speak, while Mr. Musselman, the Central secretary, had to be excused on account of other pressing business. The time for the’meeting drew near and nearer, but no signs of Mr. Maharg’s arrival’were to be discovered yet. As people were

August 18, 1945

anxious to be free for dancing, the presi- dent of Neville Local asked the foreign organizer of the 8.G.G.A. to address the meeting. Soon the big church, which was kindly granted for this meeting, was filled so that many had to be satisfied with standing at the doors. For about one hour and a half the address lasted and after some questions had been answered to the satisfaction of those present, the meeting adjourned to the temple of terpsichore. ardly arrived there, Frank Burton, director of district 15, announced that he had just come in together with Mr. Maharg and some other gentlemen. Tho the hour was late the church was soon filled again and the audience listened with great interest to the words of the president of the greatest farmers’ organization of Canada. The next speaker was T. M. Morgan, director of district No. 14, who supplemented the speech of Mr. Maharg. After him Mr. Dahlke, agricultural secretary of the rural municipality of Waldeck, told the audience about the good work done by the Grain Growers in this municipality and exhorted those present to always stand by_ this organization and spread the knowledge of it, because only thru organization and co-operation the farmer will come into his own. After a hearty vote of thanks for the speakers was passed the meeting closed after midnight, so that the young and especially the fair ones might finally indulge in the fair art of dancing.

VOTES OF CONDOLENCE

At a meeting of Dafoe Local held on the 31st July the following resolution was passed: ‘We, the members of the Dafoe Local of the 8.G.G.A., desire to convey to Mrs. F. W. Green and family our sinceré condolence in the loss they and the Association have sustained in the death of our late honorary secretary.”

E. E. BOLTON, Sec’y Dafoe Local.

At a regular meeting of the Findlater Association held July 24, with Hugh Huston, president, in the chair, the death of Fred W. Green, honorary secretary of the parent Association, was very feelingly referred to by the president and many members present who all deeply regret the loss of such a splendid exponent of the aims and ideals of the Association and a man of such fine personality.

The following motion was submitted to the meeting and unanimously carried:

Moved by W. J. Gray, seconded bv W. A. Stewart, “That having learned with much sorrow of the death of our esteémed friend and co-worker, Fred W. Green, honorary secretary of the Sas- katechewan Grain Growers’ Association, we desire to tender to the bereaved widow and family the deepest sympathy of this Association in the great loss they have sustained by the passing away of a loving husband and father.”

HUGH HUSTON, President. R. S$. DONALDSON, Secretary.

PATRIOTIC ACRE FUND

We give below a further list’ of con- vassers who have obtained ten or more contributions to the Patriotic Acre Fund. Perey Association is in great danger of losing its supremacy, as it will be seen that J. J. Aitkin, of Yellow Lake Associa- tion, has a further nine forms to his credit, which, with thirty-seven previously sent in, makes.a total of forty-six, and he is still working hard. You had better get busy, Percy!

Association Canvasser Forms Acres McTavish m. Lake, Sr. 25 28 Riverhurst J. A. McDonald 21 21 Cupar R. Ward and

D. McKinnon 20 21 Dafoe E. E. Bolton 20 20 Findlater R. 8. Donaldson 15 17 Keeler J. G, Stark 13 13 Keeler Sam V. Haight 13 13 Fillmore H. J. McDiarmid 12 13 Westmount Erie E. Gill 11 9-15 bus. Balmae Herbert Sheppard 10 11% Dahinda A. D, Donisan 10 11 Bare Hills Geo. Tweddle 10 10 Riverhurst J. McGregor 10 10 Thunder Creek E. W. Johnson 10 10 Patience Lake John E. Mason 10 9% Yellow Lake J. J. Aitkin 9 9

We have received a book of forms from A. D. Donisan, of the Dahinda Local, which is unique in its way. The whole of the ten forms have been filled in, five of them by Austrians, four by Roumanians and one by a native of Russia. It is also worthy of note that the first of the forms was for a contribution of two acres, by P. Petuacsu, a native of Austria. Honor where honor is due! 4 :

‘

August 18, 19415

THE GRAIN

Manitoba

This Section ef The Gulde Is conducted officially for the Manitoba Graln Growers’

Assoclation by R. CG. Henders, President, Culross, Man.,

to whom

all communications for thls page should he sent.

A DISTRICT CONVENTION

The Marquette District Grain Grow- ers’ Association held its midsummer convention at Minnedosa on July 21, at which there was a fair attendance, al- tho the Brandon fair was on. President C. 8. Stevenson opened the meeting, and after a brief address called on Mayor Grierson, who welcomed the delegates, and in an inspiring address dealt with the work and aims of the association. The roll call showed the following locals represented: Lorndale, Havelock, Moline, Cameron, Basswood, Newdale, Strathelair, Shoal Lake, Deep- dale, Birtle, Vista, Bethany, Empire and Rapid City. Mr. MeCuish, of Deep- dale, organizer, gave a fine address dealing with organization, the farmers’ market and district association work. C. II. Burnell, of Portage District Asso- ciation, followed, dealing with co-oper- ation and the questions that confronted the farmers at the present time. Mr. Davis, of Franklin, spoke on the social problems of the day, showing how the Grain Growers could improve condi- tions of farm life. After considerable discussion the Livestock Exchange Bill and the Farm Machinery Act were held over till the next convention, which will be held at Minnedosa on November 24. A resolution committee was ap- pointed, consisting of J. T. Davis, John Allen and Mr. Taylor to have resolu- tions on these and other questions pre- pared for next convention. All resolu- tions should be sent to the secretary or J. T, Davis before the convention. The meeting adjourned at 5.30, and the delegates were taken to view the dam, power house and other places of in- terest in cars provided by the mayor. The evening session was taken up by a discussion on Inter-municipal Hail In- surance, addresses being given by Messrs. Burnell, Allen and others, the secretary being instructed to notify the branches interested to take the matter up in the different municipalities. After tendering a vote of thanks to the speak- ers, the mayor and citizens of Minne- dosa, the singing of the National An- them brought the convention to a close.

BERT MeLEOD, Secretary.

PICNIC AT VALLEY RIVER

The Valley River Grain Growers and the ladies of the tome Economic So- ciety held their annual picnic on July 22, and had a most successful and en- joyable time. The sports were well contested, not the least entertaining on the program being a fat women’s race.

I. J. Dixon, M.P.P. of Winnipeg, was present and gave an inspiring address, the spirit of which sank deep into the minds of the people. We owe this gentleman a deep debt of gratitude for the part he is taking in trying to awaken the conscience and intelligence of the people. His sincere words were much appreciated, and we hope will be long remembered.

After luncheon a league game of base- ball was played between Gartmore and Wilson River, resulting in a win for Gartmore, ‘and we thank our baseball boys for the splendid exhibition they gave us,

F. KILTY, See.

NEW BRANCH AT THOR

A meeting was held at Thor School on Wednesday, July 7, for the purpose of organizing a branch of the Manitoba Grain Growers’ Association. The speakers were M. McCuish, of Roblin; G. Playfair, of Greenway, and J. 8. Conibear, secretary of Baldur branch.

Mr, McCuish addressed the meeting first, and told of the struggles the

Grain Growers had to get legislation giving the farmers the privilege of shipping their grain from over the load- ing platform, stating we were only sure of “retaining the Canada Grain Act as it is by having a strong farmers’ organi- zation in the west. ITe stated that as late as 1912 an attempt was made to tamper with the Grain Act, but it was saved by the western Grain Growers.

Mr, McCuish also gave some time to —

co-operation, outlining the policy of the Central Farmers’ Market and The Grain Growers’ Grain Company. After the election of officers Mr. Playfair and Mr. Conibear gave very interesting addresses on organization and co-opera- tion. JI. Frederickson was elected secre- tary.

PIERSON PICNIC

The members of the Pierson Branch held an enjoyable picnic in the park close to the town, with a large turnout of the farmers and their families. The sports largely consisted of a baseball tournament, in which. a prize of $50 was awarded to the winning club and $25 to the second best.

After the first game of baseball was played the crowd gathered to listen to addresses from W. H. English, the dis- trict director, and R. McKenzie, secre- tary of the Central Association. The arrangement of stopping all sports dur- ing the addresses enabled the speakers to “get a very much better hearing than is too often the case at Grain Growers’ picnies.

The lady members of the association provided bountifully on well spread tables under a large tent. An admit- tanee fee to the park of 25 cents was charged. All the proceeds of the pic- nic were devoted to the Patriotic Fund. This was the first pienie held by Pier- son Association, and the success attend- ing their first efforts encourage the offi- cers to make this picnic an annual affair.

McCREARY BRANCH

R. A. Forbes, of McCreary Associa- tion, writes that their picnic, held on July 22, met with gratifying success. The proceeds of the booth, in which fruit and ice cream were sold, were ap- plied to the funds of the local associa- tion. This branch—only re-organized last spring—is developing along lines of co-operative buying of farm necessities with gratifying results. The secretary is untiring in securing members and promoting the interests of the Grain Growers’ movement in that district.

LADIES ARE BUSY

The ladies of the Forrest Branch have been very busy lately in assisting the various war relief activities, work: ing under the guidance of Brandon Patriotie and Red Cross officials.

GRAIN GROWERS WIN CASE

Ottawa, Aug, 3.—The railway board has delivered judgment in the complaint of the Two Creeks Grain Growers’ As- sociation against discrimination in freight rates as between Winnipeg anc Elkhorn, and Winnipeg and Two Creeks, Manitoba, on the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company.

Complaint was made by the Grain Growers’ Association of Two Creeks, Man., regarding an alleged discrimina- tion in freight rates as between Winni- peg and Elkhorn, on the one hand, and Winnipeg and Two Creeks on the other.

Elkhorn, 198 miles west of Winnipeg, has a first-class rate of 54 cents, the other elasses being appropriately scaled. Two Creeks, 194 miles west of Winni- peg, has a first- class rate of 57 cents.

It was alleged by the railwav that the difference in rate as between Elk- horn and Two Creeks does not create a discriminatory situation. It was stated that the two points have nothing in common; that the tonnage in and out of Two Creeks is insignificant; that Elkhorn is on the main line, where the cost of operating is lower and the den- sity of tonnage and population much greater.

The board points out that the 54 cents rate. is given to Elkhorn; but,. while Virden and Harmsworth, falling within the Same mileage group, are given the same rate, and while Elkhorn and Min- iota have the same rate, Elkhorn. and Two -Creeks, falling within the same mileage group, are given different rates.

This the board finds is discriminatory

GROWERS’

GUIDE

OOD MAD CANADA

Fortified Tires

ar Ub ine “On-Air” Cured ll-We T: or Smooth

(4205) 13

The Tires That Fell

Looked Like Goodyears at the Start

If the treads are smooth, it is hard to tell the difference in tires except by the makers’ names. In the anti-skid type, there are many makes that Jook heavy and strong.

So you can’t judge a tire by looks.. Most virtues are hidden anyway.

In a poor tire, skimping can’t be seen.

The difference is enormous,

but it doesn’t show till you run a Goodyear and some rival tire on op-

posite wheels.

cass’’ extra strong to support the All-Weather tread.

is tough and double thick.

Then you will learn why we build the Goodyear

““car-

For this tread

Other heavy-tread tires, not built in perfect balance like the Good-— year, collapse on the sides before the tread is worn out.

Vital Defenses

In 5 additional ways we. build exclusive defenses into Goodyear Tires, They protect you against the worst attacks that a tire must meet—against. Blowouts, against Rim-Cuts, against Loose ‘Tread, against Punctures and Skidding. These are vital for country driving. Then repair shops and stocks are miles away and you’re at the mercy of your tires.

So farmers have learned to de- pend on Goodyears. Yet in spite

of the extra values, we’ve. cut our prices 37 per. cent in two years. This is due largely to fast-grow- ing output.

How to Choose

Don’t ever buy a tire on looks again. ‘Test a Goodyear on your car. ‘That’s the way to learn the facts. And when you have done this, you’ll never go back to im- ported tires or ordinary Canadian made tires.

Any dealer can. furnish you Goodyear Made neapada Tires:

The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. sf Canada, Limited

Makers of Truck, Motorcycle, Carriagé and Bicycle Tires, and Rubber Belts, Hose and Packing

Head Office, Toronto, Ontario

treatment, which has not been justified, and Two Creeks should be given the same rate as is given to Elkhorn.

NEW GOVERNMENT’S PROMISE

The Pine Creek Grain Growers’ As- sociation at its last meeting unanimous- ly passed a resolution calling upon the Manitoba government and its support- ers in the legislature to at once fulfil its pledge on Direct Legislation by passing a full and complete measure for the Initiative and Referendum as out- lined by the Direct Legislation League of Manitoba.

Several of our members signed the pledge for the Patriotic Acre, but we are disappointed in the response to the appeal. _We believe that the people do not understand fully the seriousness of the situation of the German menace and what Britain is fighting for. Sdémetimes I think it would be a good lesson for some of us to be under the iron heel of Germany for a few years; we should then appreciate the freedom of British rule. A determined effort will now be made to get every farmer to sign the pledge for the Patriotic Acre * Fund, whether a member ‘of the Grain Grow- ers’ Association or not.

JOSIAH BENNETT, See., Pine Creek G.G.A. Pine Creek P.O., Man.

PATRIOTIC ACRES

The Oakburn Branch suggests the purchasing of machine guns for war purposes with the proceeds ‘of the: Pat- riotic Fund of their branch. There are increasing demands on our Patriotic Fund as the war grows in‘intensity. It is to. be hoped that -our. different branches will not forget to press for contributions of the. Patriotic Acre. Manitoba is blessed .with a bountiful harvest, and our farmers should mani- fest. their gratitude by contributing for the benefit of those who are sufferers

Factory, Bowmanville, Ontar!o (233)

by .the war. Farmers who are blessed with peace and. plenty should contri- bute generously to help those who are sufferers from the effects of the war.

BAGOT LADIES’ AUXILIARY

The ladies of the Bagot Auxiliary of the Grain Growers’ Association. have forwarded us the sum of $40 ‘as a con- tribution to the War Relief Fund. They designate that this be applied to the Red Cross work. This auxiliary has only been in existence a few months, but is making good progress. | They have now fourteen members affiliated with more to follow their good example.

DOWER PETITION

Many of our branches. are actively circulating the petitions for Woman Suffrage and the ‘‘Dower Law,’’ as in- dicated by the number who are sending in for additional copies of the petitions. Tt is to be hoped that none. of our branches are neglecting the circulating of these. petitions. : é

SOLDIERS FOR HARVEST FIELDS , Announcement is made that arrange- ments have been completed with the military authorities to allow any sol- diers now at Camp Sewell to have a month’s leave of absence for the pur- pose of helping farmers with the crop. This is a splendid opportunity for farm- ers to procure help, and it is hoped that many of them will avail themselves, of it by promptly furnishing the provin- cial. employment burcati “at Winnipeg with full particulars of their needs. »

A special rate of one cent per mile was arranged with the railroads, aiid to date about 3,000 men have been sent out, from Winnipeg by the provincial employment bureau.

Application from the farmer must be sent to the provincial employment bureau, corner Main and“Water Streets, Winnipeg, and. not to easel This is absolutely necessary, . Sita

14 (1206)

The bigger the roof, the more reason for Paroid

The importance of the roofing increases with the importance and value of the building. The owners of the largest barns, railroads and manufactories use the good old reliable, ready-to-lay

Neponset Paroid.

ne. i NEPONS

(Made in Canada)

THE GRAIN GROWERS’

ROOFING

on the roof, and sides too, means more protection to your live stock and your

pocket-book, all— fire.

Protection against leaks, repairs, and that greatest danger of

Paroid is only one of the Neponset Roofings.. There is one for every roof, and pocket-

book. Sold by dealers everywhere.

do not know the Neponset Dealer in your town, write for

Booklet, “Repairing and Building,” Free. If you

his name. If we have no

dealer, we will make you a special offer, We pay the freight.

. BIRD & SON

Main BRANCHES: MONTREAL ST. JOHN,

Manitoba farmers with the harvest.

Farmers are urged by the Hon. Minister of Agriculture to ad- vise the Department immediately as to how many men they will require, what they will pay for one month’s work, when they want the men to start work and the name of the nearest station. The railway fare of these soldier harvest hands will be paid by the Dominion Government.

Apply at once to the Provincial Employment Bureau, Cor. Main and Water Streets, WINNIPEG.

To HARVEST THE CROP

(Established 1795) Office and Plant, 354 Helntzuen Bidg., Hamilton,

SOLDIERS will HELP

ARRANGEMENTS HAVE BEEN COMPLETED with the Military Authorities to allow soldiers now in camp at Sewell leave of absence for one month in order that they may assist

WINNIPEG, MAN.

Ont. CALGARY VANCOUVER

& [IT - DIRECT FROM OUR F RU ORCHARDS TO YOU

Peaches (freestone preserving), 20 pound box .75

Grapes, 10 pound basket.... Prunes, 20 pound box..........

Ce ee ee) eee

Express rates to C.N.R. and G.T.P.: points about 4 cents per pound. To C.P.R. points in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, 214 cents per pound.

We make a specialty of September cars of preserving fruits and apples and would be pleased to send you our prices on such cars.

Co-operative Fruit Growers

A. J. FINCH, Mer.

LUMBER.

PENTICTON, B.C.

Do you know LUMBER Is now seliing at unheard-of low prices,

which will not last very long?

NOW is the time to build a HOUSE or BARN at half-price

This is the opportunity for the man with ready money.

Do not delay.

Write at once for quotations.

Shipment

made direct from our: own mills. We pay the freight.

Write for particulars.

SHIP TO CALGARY

P. PALLESEN, Calgary Central Creamery, Box 2074, Calgary, Alta

ALBERTA FARMERS!

fll Cream Wanted /° <i

arrival

GUIDE

Practical Soil Tillage

Continued from Page 7

of new soil is not too much. Bear in mind that the seed will be placed be- low the new soil, which makes an ideal mulch and prevents any drifting of the soil, as when worked down it will be in a granular condition. the fine dry mulch. Have it granular in small lumps.” This new soil being on the top leaves the best of the soil just below where the wind cannot carry it away and where the grain crop can utilize it. The real and full importance of this point cannot be dealt with at this time, but will be done in a future issue of The Guide. I may mention here that this apparently simple matter is of real importance and has been

neglected or overlooked in the past, and,

will mean a great deal to agriculture when fully understood. This one or two inches of new soil will prevent the ger- mination of small weed seeds before the crop is high enough to be seriously affected. It is a general impression among some farmers that to turn up new soil will be of injury to the crop, overlooking the fact that the seed is planted below and not in this raw soil.

Pack All Plowing

In plowing, a small packer attach- ment should be used behind the plow. Many look upon all these packers as expensive, but the benefits derived by their use cannot be over-estimated, especially in plowing in the spring. As all stirred soil, especially at that time, is conducive to evaporation, it is almost absolutely necessary that some means be taken to reduce this loss, and the small packer is highly satisfactory. It should not take the place of the larger packer. In seeding the method may be followed as described in a former issue of The Guide, by packing before and after the seeder.

As the time and season in the ‘spring will not allow of complete firming of the seed and root bed, the above meth- od will answer very satisfactorily as, in turning under the furrow in the spring at the second or deeper plowing, soil lies to soil and will settle and make better connection with the soil below. This will prevent evaporation to a great extent and will hold the moisture so that the crop can use it to best advan- tage. Also having disposed of one crop of weeds it will ensure a cleaner and

safer crop. The benefits derived from .

the method will be more noticeable each season. Just when the grain shows up a close watch should be kept for any small weeds that may appear, and a harrowing should be given at this time. The foregoing applies to a wheat crop. Where oats and barley are to be seeded it may be followed with equally good or better results.

Barley can. be grown with good re- sults, as the later date that it can be seeded allows of more cultivation after the plowing and helps greatly to free the soil of weeds, and the volunteer grain from any previous crop can be eradicated at the second plowing.

Treatment of New Land

For new lands, where a crop was grown on new breaking or backsetting it is advisable to lay this land by for summer fallow if best results are want- ed, but it is often not practicable to do this. Such land is wanted to grow another grain crop the next season. If this is plowed in the spring it often turns out that the crop is light, especial- ly if conditions are droughty, because it cannot be properly fitted to grow an- other good crop under our conditions. This plowing should be done in the fall as early as possible. As soon as the crop is removed it should be plowed about one inch deeper than the first plowing. The dise harrow should fol- low as soon ‘as possible, double discing to cut up the sod and fill the air spaces. The harrows should follow the dise and then the land should be packed. After the packing the plank drag will be found an excellent tool to level and pul- verize the pieces of sod and lumps. A stroke of the harrows after the plank drag will bring the soil into good con- dition, and if any rains fall late in the season these will penetrate easily and be stored up for the following crop. In the spring it should not be seeded too early, but should have a stroke of the

Always avoid.

August 18, 1915

harrows as soon as convenient to con- serve the moisture.

This method will give good results and should be done in the fall, and not in the spring. It will help a great deal to eradicate the native grasses that were not destroyed at the first plowing, and if done early will also start the volunteer grain that was shelled out in the ground, and this will be de- stroyed at the time of the first hard frost.

In districts where weeds are not in evidence and a single plowing is to be done, it should be done as early in the season as possible, and the plow. should turn up ‘a little new soil and should be followed by the packer, plank drag and harrows in the order named. It should not be left up in the rough but worked down as firmly as possible, and if at all possible a cultivator should be used to leave the soil at the end of the season in a corrugated condition to hold all the melting snow in the spring and pre- vent any run off. In the spring it should be harrowed before seeding by running across the corrugations to pre- vent evaporation and to form a loose mulch.

Before I close this article I want to point out the great opportunity one has in the newer districts where there are only a few weeds, because even when new lands are broken up it is not very long before some weeds show up, and this is the time to look after the weeds when there are only single specimens here and there. It is so much more easy to keep them down at this time than when the soil becomes infested, and the shallow plowing in the fall as I recommend will do more than any other method can do toward maintain- ing a soil free of weeds. It will also keep the soil in good condition for fu- ture crops and practically ensure a safer and surer crop under the many adverse conditions from season to sea- son with which we have to contend. So long as we till the soil we shall have and can expect some weeds of one kind or another. Many regard them too lightly, but they are a factor to be given consideration. There must be a continual war waged on them. They are the cause of more crop failures and low yields than drought, frost, rust or hail. They rob the soil of the fertility and the crop of the moisture -at the time it is most needed, and one good way to combat the weeds is to plow shallow in the fall and encourage them to grow and then destroy many of them at the time of the deeper plowing. If this is intelligently done it will lead to cleaner and better farms, add to their Le and promote greater crop produc- ion,

A PERIOD OF REST

In the fall of 1914 many dairy cows dried off somewhat earlier than usual on account of scarcity of feed. . Others stopped milking because their owners have let them get the habit of putting up their shutters at the same time that the cheese 4: ¥tory boarded up its win- dows. Now the point arises, can the period of work be extended? That means careful preparation in a variety of ways.

One item may well be noted by the dairyman who has not yet endeavored to shorten. that rest-period. It does not follow that a cow giving 1,200 pounds of milk or so during her first month will give as much during the whole season as the cow that gives only 800 pounds the first month. The first one may be dry in a little over seven months and then settle down to extended repose, while the second cow will be producing for ten months, en- abling her owner to take advantage of good prices in fall and winter. Obvi- ously, therefore, correct judgment as to a cow’s production is to be based on a knowledge of the total weight for the season, not for the best month or two only, for that period of rest is a very variable factor.

Keeping track of the weight given by each cow is simplified by using the forms supplied free by the government, Write to the Dairy Commissioner, Ot- tawa, for samples of the record forms for three days per month, and those for daily weights. It will be still bet- ter to take samples as well so as to learn by the test how much fat each cow gives. —O.F.W.

August 418, 1915

‘THE BERKSHIRE PIG -

The Berkshire is unquestionably the oldest and most widely disseminated of the modern popular breeds of swine, says D. OC. F, Curtiss, of the Iowa State College. The breed has stood the test of ages and.proven its adaptation in practically every agricultural region on the globe. Its outstanding excellence is universally conceded. Berkshire type and quality have been a potent factor in shaping the standards of many of the other breeds either by imitation or by direct resort. to Berkshire blood.

The Berkshire history is a history of progress. Yet there. are many who remember the old-time Berkshire as a small, nervous, slow-maturing hog.-. This conception does. the modern Berkshire injustice. It is an old prejudice hard to overcome.

They have grown to be one of the largest of all the modern breeds, and while active and good rustlers, - their quiet, mild dispositions make them easy feeders, and they mature early.

The modern demand for firmer. meat of finer texture and quality free from coarseness and excessive fat makes the Berkshire a. prime favorite with the butcher and packer. It is doubtful if any breed meets the general market de- mand in so high a degree. Other breeds have their distinctive points of excel- lence, but the Berkshire on the block stands in about the same relation to other breeds as the Aberdeen-Angus cattle to the beef breeds, and the South- down sheep to the mutton breeds, when put to the final test. A load of well- finished Berkshires almost invariably tops the market.

There should be a more general and concerted effort on the part of Berk- shire breeders to finish high-class bar- rows in ecarload lots for exhibition and for market toppers. This is one of the surest roads to the popular favor of the practical feeder. :

While there is a marked tendency on the market toward smaller carcases of beef, pork and mutton, the farmer still demands large hogs. But they must be easy feeders and capable of finishing at nine or ten months.

The breeders of pure-bred Berkshires should bear in mind the market de- mands and the demands of the feeder who raises the hogs for market. No breed éan ignore these considerations and hold its place in public favor.

The one outstanding demand on the part of the practical producer of ail breeders is size—size not at the ex- pense of quality, but size with quality, if possible, and sometimes size regard- less of quality. The practical breeder is also placing more emphasis on good feet than formerly.

He has learned that good feet are essential to the profitable hog, The fancy points that are sometimes unduly emphasized by the pure-bred breeder are of little consequence to the feeder for the market. There should be a sound practical reason for every characteris- tic on which special emphasis is placed by the breeder.

Smooth shoulders are desired, because heavy, prominent shoulders produce a rough carease, with an excess of cheap meat. Straight, even side, top and bot- tom lines indicate feeding quality and freedom from soft, flabby tissue in the carease. Firm meat of fine fibre and good texture is a Berkshire characteris- tic.

The ultimate end of all breeds is the block, and the practieal test is not the most pounds on the scales, but the high- est amount of edible meat on the block, with the highest returns in net profit to the producer. : bene

The ear is generally regarded as a point of fancy rather than utility. This is not altogether true. There is a strong tendency toward refinement of type in all breeds of swine. This is manifest in the ear more strikingly than in any other point. The heavy, coarse, pen- dant ear has been banished from all the standard American breeds. It is a sur- vival of the old unimproved types. A coarse ear indicates a corresponding degree of coarseness of texture thruout the carcase. The law of correlation is certain. This coarseness generally in- dicates late maturity and an inferior product. It is possible, however, to put too much stress on fine erect ears and short, dished faces. These features car- tied to the extreme will tend to the ex- pense of size, scale and breeding quality.

THE GRAIN GROWERS’ GUIDE : (14207) 45

True Co-operation

“““40O-OPERATION means mutual self-help. It spurns charity and_subsidy, state aid, What

special privilege and class legislation. This is the definition given by Myron T. Herrick at iS it

the recent convention of the National Fertilizer As-

sociation. No one has ever said it better orin fewer words. But such a definition will not appeal to a large ) class of so-called co-operators, who think the government @

should promote, supervise and finance their schemes.’’—National Stockman and Farmer.

In which class are you lined up? ™GGG®_ was organized in 1906 by farmers to help farmers of the West along co-operative lines. Directly or indirectly it has ~ helped every man who grows grain on the Canadian praities.

Mutual Self-Help— That's the Idea

There is no need to wait for government supervision, nor for financial assistance.. _ Jump in yourself and do your part. Co-operate both in selling your grain and in buying your farm needs. When you ship to GGG: you have absolute security, you get courteous treatment and you have prompt returns covering every cent your grain is worth. You are obliged to pay a commission for handling your grain. Let this commission go where it will be used in furthering the co-operative movement.

Snintouht The Gain Cow ers (rainG@, handled on Branches at : Ltd.

Agency at.

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16 (41208)

THE» GRAIN GROWERS’

GUIDE

Regina College

Regina, Sask.

RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL FOR MEN AND WOMEN

DEPARTMENTS: Academic, Business and Agriculture, Music, Household Science, Eldcution and Art

Students prepared for Teachers’ Certificates or Junior and Senior Matriculation.

General Term opens September 29.

Specie) Winter Course for Farmers’ Sons ovember 15.

For full Particulars and Calendar apply to THE REGISTRAR, Regina College.

President: Rev. E. W. STAPLEFORD, B.A.

training in lower forms in lish

and R. M. C, Kingston.

physical training,

School and College

St. John’s College School

for boys, resident and non-resident. Course of studies adapted to give thorough elementary 1 Languages and Mathematics, and especially to prepare for Arts, Law and Medical Matriculation Exams. for Universities of Manitoba, Toronto, McGill

‘* Character and Efficiency Count ’’

Brandon College

Brandon, Man.

A RESIDENTIAL COLLEGE FOR YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN Five Well-Organized Departments Arts, Theology, Academic, Busi-

ness, Music and Expression. Carefully selected faculty, stand- ardized Courses, Healthful Loca- tion, Home Life, High Ideals.

. The majority of a representative - student body from rural Western Canada.

President - - HOWARD P. WHIDDEN, D.D., LL.D. Lady Principal - Miss ERNESTINE R. WHITESIDE, B.A. For Calendars and any Information write DR. S. J. McKEE, Registrar.

SEVENTEENTH SESSION OPENS SEPTEMBER 28, 1915

Will open September 8. Boarders should be in residence on September 7. Playing fields, tennis courts, skating rink and gymnasium under competent instructor afford every facility for or calendar and forms of application, apply to

W. BU RMAN, Bursar, St. John’s College, Winnipeg, Man.

Phone: St. John 495.

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ADVERTISING Is the foundation of all successful enterprises. if your advertise- ¢ id In these pages It would be read by over 34,000 prospective buyers.

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WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS PLEASE MENTION THE GUIDE

The Mail Bag

Continued from Page 9

other. What is needed is not a change of system as much as an improvement in the present one, and that will come about as fast as we can find men with principle to conduct our business and by legislative measures making it difficult for any man or combination to secure an excess of wealth at the expense of others.

H. C. WELLS.

RAILWAY NEEDED

Editor, Guide:—I would like to bring before your notice for consideration a matter which every farmer and _ resi- dent of this outlying district is inter- ested in. We note the parliament at Ottawa has given much thought to solve the problem of work for the un- employed. We are pleased to note that different schemes have been devised whereby this burden may be alleviated. We feel that a suggestion from The Guide, which is the mouthpiece and voice of the farmers, might draw the attention of parliament to a scheme whereby the unemployed, farmers and résidents and the country in general would be benefited. We have a beauti- ful country lying to the northwest, com- prised of -beautiful agricultural and grazing lands, hills and vales, lakes and dells. A land that is worthy of consid- eration. A place that is thickly settled with up-to-date farmers and ranchers, where fishing and hunting ranks with the leading grounds of the Dominion. We have been promised a railroad sev- eral years ago, which led many home- steaders to take up land. But at the present date we find ourselves so far from railroad. facilities that farming, dairying, truck gardening, etc., are too expensive a product for farmers to handle. We wonder if the government would not use their authority in assist- ing to’have a railroad extended, even a distance of twenty-five or thirty miles, from some point near or at Shellbrook, and. thus relieve the wants of the settlers and open up employment for

the unemployed. Ww. A. SNOW,

Mount Nebo, Sask. Sec. G.G.A.

FLAMING LIQUID WARFARE

Flaming liquid seems to have taken the place of poisonous gases in the Ger- man method of trench warfare. A French official report states that in the region of Hill 213, in the Argonne, the Germans, once more trying to get with- in reach of Verdun, occupied a French trench, which was recovered in part by a counter attack. The following day, after having made use of flaming liquid, the Germans launched a violent attack in the region of Marie Therese, and

‘ sueceeded in gaining a foothold in one of the French trenches.

The greater part of the ground lost was regained by un immediate counter attack.

August 18, 1945

Nature on the Prairie

Notes and Photos by S. J. Wigley, Edgerton, Alta.

CHOKE CHERRY (Pyrus Arbutifolia)

As the name implies, these berries are very astringent except when dead ripe. There is but a small quantity of “flesh” surrounding the ‘stone,’ but because of the ease with which they are gathered and their wonderful prolificness these berries are preserved by farmers when other kinds of bush fruits are scarce. The

CHOKE CHERRIES

blossoms are very beautiful and give out a rich almond perfume, an indication that prussic acid may be obtained by fermenta- tion of the leaves and fruit. If cut and thrown into heaps this fermentation might take place and the Jeaves would then be dangerous to stock. Serious illness would also occur should the fermented juice of the fruit be used by human beings. The roots of this bush are exceedingly tough and offer a serious obstacle when breaking new ground.

SASKATOON BERRY

This popular wild fruit tree grows to perfection in the West and northwards to the Arctic zone. In Hastern Canada it is a shy bearer and visitors from that part of the country are astonished at the size and prolificness of the fruit.

The botanical name is amelanchier canadensis, but the bush has also several common names such as June berry, shad

SASKATOON FRUIT

bush, service berry. It is a near relation to the apple, its fruit being really a mina- ture apple. Cultivated varieties are offered for sale by some seed merchants and the plant spreads rapidly from “suckers.” :

Two aeroplanes were in collision at Chartres. Both fell 200 feet. One avia- tor, a youth of twenty, was burned to death; the other was severely injured.

August 18, 1945

REGINA EXHIBITION

This year’s exhibition at Regina was a splendid success. From the opening day on Tuesday, July 26, to the finish on the following Saturday, July 31, crowds flocked to the exhibition grounds and were rewarded with seeing one of the very best aggregations of livestock of all kinds ever brought together at Regina. It is perhaps scarcely fair to discriminate between the breeds, but it must be noted that there was a par- ticularly strong showing in the Clydes- dale classes. Representative animals of all the breeds were much in evidence, and the exhibition performed a very valuable mission in impressing upon the minds of visitors the correct types to- wards the attainment of which all breeders should strive. All arrange- ments connected with the exhibition were very thoroughly made, and a great deal of credit is due Manager Elder- kin ‘and his staff for the general success of the show.

Horses

As has already been noted Clydes- dales were shown in large numbers and of particularly high quality. One cri- ticism might be made, however, and one which is common to the general type of Clydesdales which are being bred in Western Canada today, and it is that too much attention seems to be given to quality, with a corresponding lack on the score of weight and general draft qualities. As at Brandon, ‘‘The Bruce’’ was again in good fit and came first in aged stallions. In two-year-olds a great colt, out of ‘‘The Bruce,’’ ‘*Count of Hillcrest,’’ took the red and later was awarded grand championship over his sire. Female champion was the first prize two-year-old filly ‘‘Prin- cess Carruchan,’’ owned by Will Grant. The judge was E. C. H. Tisdale, Beav- erton, Ont.

Percherons were out in good numbers. W. E. and R. ©. Upper, of Calgary, were up against some strong competi- tion, but managed to keep the long end of top honors. Champion stallion was ‘Frank J.,’? owned by D. Hepburn, Roleau, Sask., and best female was ‘*Rosine,’? owned by W. EH. and R. C. Upper.

Some particularly good Belgians were on show, and last year’s splendid string brought in from Arlington Beach by A. A. Downey, and which did much to show the strong points of the breed at that time, was, if possible, eclipsed this year. Last year’s champion,. ‘‘Orange de Hopstade,’’ was first in his class and champion of the breed. ‘Lili de Comet,’’ owned by Geo. Rupp, Lamp- man, Sask., was an outstanding cham- ‘pion female.

Suffolks were represented by one stud, namely that of the Arm River Stock Farm, Girvin, Sask. This is a new exhibit and called forth much fav- orable comment. The aged stallion, ‘¢ Ashmore Oliver,’’ is avery good type, and ‘‘Major Ashmore’’ was a particu- larly promising two-year-old. In fe- males, one of the filly foals gives great promise of future form. :

Cattle

The judge, W. A. Dryden, Brooklin, Ont., had some tough propositions in the Shorthorn classes. Practically all the animals competing at Brandon were up again together with a couple of good herds owned by KE. B. Cutler, Rouleau, and J. W. Barnett, Moose Jaw, Sask. Some changes were made in plac- ings, most noticeable being the pulling up of Auld’s ‘‘Nonpareil 46th’? from fourth at Brandon to first at “Regina, putting ‘‘Emma of Oak Bluff,’? first at Brandon to fourth at Regina, and put- ting ‘‘Sittyton Lady,’’ the second prize animal, down to fifth. Then in the aged bull class Barron’s ‘‘Oakdale Star,’’ first at Brandon, got third at Regina, while Watt’s ‘‘Browndale,’’ second at Brandon, got first at Regina. ‘‘Gainford Perfection’’ was ehampion male and ‘‘Silver Queen’’ champion female. ‘

About the same line up of Aberdeen Angus as at Brandon received about the same placings at Regina. ‘‘Evreux of Hlarviestown,’’ McGregor’s bull, was grand champion, and ‘‘Key of Heather 2nd’’ champion female.

Herefords were shown in particularly good form, and the class of animals competing was excellent thruout. The Arm River Stock Farm was an added competitor at Regina, and received a

THE GRAIN GROWERS’ GUIDE

very fair share of the awards. Grand champion bull was Jas, Page’s ‘‘ Bonnie Brae 31st,’? and grand champion fe- male was J. A, Chapman’s ‘‘Beau Fairy.’

Holstein competition was very keen, and Prof. George A. Day, of Guelph, had some difficult line ups to place. ‘*Count Tensen A’’ was male grand champion, and ‘‘Jacoba Tensen,’’ a very promising senior calf, not only won the class but was also placed jun- ior champion and female champion of the Holsteins.

Two herds of Ayrshires, that of R. Ness, de Winton, Alta., and F. H. O. Harrison, Pense, Sask., afforded fair competition, and in Jerseys, B. H. Bull, of Brampton, Ont., and J. H. Harper and Sons, Westlock, Alta., again op- posed one another,

The various breeds of sheep and swine were well represented, and in some de- partments keen contests were evident.

THE VALUE OF A SILO In a recent issue of’ the Breeders’ Gazette there appears a very interest- ing and instructive editorial under the

heading of ‘‘Hight.Per Cent.’’. It.is timely that attention should be drawn to the value of the silo wherever stock is kept, accordingly the following is re- printed in full:

“(This title—eight per cent.—has no reference to usurious interest. Many a farmer knows what it means in that connection. A lot of western farmers ean recollect what 2 per cent. means— 2 per cent. a month. But the farmer is concerned in this 8 per cent. because it is the estimated part of the 1914 corn crop that was cut into the silo. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has done the guessing which figures also that 11 per cent. of that crop was cut green for tiding over the period of parched pastures. Prospects are not particularly alarming at this time for a repetition of this soiling use of the crop now on the ground. The 81 per cent. remaining after these subtractions represents the part of the crop that was husked. Who can rebuke preach- ers of improvement in farm methods if oceasionally they lose patience? After all these years of. silo preaching, and demonstrations of profit that should carry conviction to the dullest or the

(4209) 47

most skeptical, only 8 per cent, of last year’s corn crop was harvested in a way to preserve all its nutrients and to render its feeding easy and convenient. In 1910 only 3.5 per cent. of the crop was siloed, which shows progress, even if at a somewhat slow pace. When to the inertia of habit is joined the .ob- struction of prejudice it takes a strong pull to go forward. The corn crop is late over wide stretches. Frosts hor- mally-timed will catch some of it. The farmer can buy insurance on the grow- ing feed-value of his fields from the un- derwriters, some of whom will take a chance on anything, or he can buy a silo. We recommend the silo. And we recommend it whether the season is early, or late, or wet or dry.’’ a This advice is sound, and many farm- ers in the West would benefit if more attention were paid to the truth it con- tains.

The staff of Melbourne - University has united in the invention of a respir- ator reputed to be 100 per cent. more effective than any now in use in the ‘Huropean war theatre, says a Reuter despatch from Melbourne. ©

Our Fall and Winter Sporting Booklet, con- taining latest prices on Automobile Accessories and all supplies for Canadian pastimes, will be mailed free on re- quest

This shotgun has many new features and is absolutely the best 10.00 gun sold—just the gun for the Farmer, Homesteader or Sportsman.

DESCRIPTION

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22M101X. Same as above.

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New Model 1912 Winchester Hammerless Repeating Shotgun

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THE SOVEREIGN

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18 (41210)

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PEDLAR’S ,,.,°°72;» SHINGLES are made from best quality, heavily galvanized steel. They are

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——_——___

‘MILKING SHORTHORNS and BERKSHIRE HOGS

i , = D. W. WARNER & SONS, Edmonton and Tofield, Alta. Pure-bred — ilking Shorthorns. A few young Registered Berkshire Hogs. We have a number bulls from the best Canadian and: American stock, of choice young Berkshire boars and sows from from which we have been breeding successfully our well-known prolific strain, long bacon type, for over: thirty years. All our stock has been all. from large healthy Utters. This {is an ex- ceptional opportunity to get into pure-bred hogs before prices rise, as there is certain to be a MacKay II,’* Sedgwick Demonstra- big demand for breeding stock this fall. Pedi- grees guaranteed, Prices Reasonable. For further particulars call or write— BEAVER MEADOWS STOCK FARM ayaa a pds FARM H. D, Warner, Manager A. C. Dodds, Manager J. B. Warner, Manager Drawer 399, Edmonton Box 82, Tofleld, Box 136, Tofield

D. W. WARNER, EDMONTON, ALTA.., General Manager

-Clydesdales, Shorthorns (P::222:"), Shropshire, Oxfordshire

tion of high-class animals of both sexes of above breeds always on_ hand. oie fal orueia of 10 Young Bulls, 12 to 24 months old, for quick sale. Orders now taken for rams and ewes for fall delivery. Write for particulars. This year’s win- nings of our stock at Calgary Spring and Summer Exhibition only: 9 Champions, 7 Reserved Champions, 1 Gold Medal, 32 Firsts, 23 Seconds. Prices and terms very

attractive. ‘ GOLDEN WEST BALGREGGAN P. M. BREDT - P.O. Box 2089, Calgary, Alta. -

(dam_“‘Lady tion Farm).

GOLD BAR STOCK FARM

Phone M1003

-CLYDESDALES—SHIRES

‘ t — t t ears old. Prize winners. Fashionably bred. Sired by aula well known Totass ai Bare fron Kelvia; by Baron’s Pride; Everlasting; Quicksilver, by Sil

ver Cup; Mendel; Cyllene, by Baron of Buchlyvie; Royal Abundance, etc. Prices very

reasonable.—F. SCHROEDER & SON, Midnapore, Alberta. TAMWORTHS WHITE LEGHORNS AYRSHIRES : BACON EGGS CREAM

“ f 6.?” ~ NOW, better than ever, will it pay you to raise good stock. Brae ont Herd boas Hard Bull and Cockerels from HIGH HOW STOCK FARM, I car please you

THOS. NOBLE 3 DAYSLAND, ALTA. SMSO NR RE SAFETY PLUS FAIR DEALING

POINTERS FOR FARMERS: FIRST—Consider an Insurance Company's financial strength.

SECOND—Loss paying record for fair dealing. THIRD—Conditions or policy for liberality.

The London Mutual Fire Insurance Company FIRST—Assets $863,554.52; Surplus to Policy-holders $433,061.40. SECOND—In fifty-six years has paid over $8,500,000 to Policy-holders. THIRD—Gives the Farmer the most liberal policy conditions.

‘SEE OUR LOCAL AGENT OR WRITE TO

Carson & Williams Bros. Ltd. : Union Bank Building Winnipeg

London Mutual Fire Insurance Company, 31 Scott Street, Toronto F. D. WILLIAMS, Manager

WE PAY THE FREIGHT Made of 20 gauge Galvanized. Steel, thoroughly braced. and fully guaranteed

Send for Catalog Depth Width Lgth. wt. ce 2 ft. 3ft. 10ft. 335Ibs. $35.00 Q4ft. 3ft. 10ft. 385lbs, 16bbls. 42.00

“Freeland Steel Tank Co.

HALBRITE, SASK.

Capacity —Prici 12bbls.

We made Tanks for your Grandfather —

Cream Wanted!

Alberta Farmers, bill your cream to Hays’ Dairy,

Calgary. We pay the express and remit by express money order weekly, reliable test guaranteed. Write for full particulars to

HAYS & CO. Ltd. HAYS’ DAIRY

CARSTAIRS, Alta. CALGARY, Alta.

or to

THE GRAIN GROWERS’ GUIDE

Your Questions Answered

In this department of The Guide questions dealing with legal matters, farm problems, livestock, or anything relating to practical farmwork will he answered. {It may not be possible to answer all of them for lack of. space, but those of most general Interest will _be answered In the order tn which. they come... Those wishing replies. to legal or other questions by mail must enclose $1 In payment. Veterinary questions cannot be an- swered, as we have not the space available. No questions will be answered for subscribers whose subscriptions are in arrears.

MISSTATEMENT REGARDING FENCE . I bought, under agreement of. sale, an improved farm. The sales agent told me the fence on one side was on the road allowance and that I could move it onto the land. When I went to move it I found it was on land owned by a party who would not let me take it. Can I demand back the money I have paid, as I am not getting what I bought? The last payment is not due till next year.—xX., Alta.

A. . You cannot get money back and be relieved from agreement, but you can claim compensation if you have suffered any damages.

HOMESTEAD REQUIREMENTS

.. Can a widow take-a homestead with- out having any children, or if she has grown up children? If she files on a homestead may she marry again before proving up?—-S. B.,. Alta.

A. A widow cannot file on a home- stead unless she is the head of a fam- ily. In other words a widow to be eligible for filing on a homestead must have a minor child or children de- pendent upon her. If she is eligible to take up a homestead she may marry at any time before obtaining her patent.

A CORRECTION

Q. Can a village school district in Sas- katchewan collect taxes on personal pro- perty such as farm machinery, horses, cattle, etc., belonging to the farmers living outside the village? I live two and a half miles from town and have patd taxes on a valuation of $1,000 personal property for the year 1914.—-W. R. H., Sask.

A. This question was incorrectly answered in the July 14 issue of The Guide, since it appears that an amend- ment was made to the school assess- ment act stating that all personal pro- perty and buildings situated outside the limits of the village are exempt from the school taxation.

TREATMENT OF BREAKING

Q. I have broken about 60 acres dur- ing June and. July and owing to, wet weath- er, I do not know whether to disc it-or let it lie until the rains stop. There is quite a lot of native couch grass in this prairie and the continual wet weather makes it shoot out of the upturned sod. ‘What should I do with it?

A. Under the circumstances. about the only thing you can-do is to let the land lie until the rains cease and then, if absolutely necessary, disc it and har- row it only when it is really dry, clean- ing out the harrows at each end of the fleld and burning the roots and trash which will be gathered up by them. Since native couch grass is present it would certainly not be advisable to cut up the roots with the disc any more than is necessary and never when the ground is wet.

TUMBLING MUSTARD CONTROL

9 Will tumbling mustard seed sprout and start growing in new breaking? I broke about 4 inches deep and I believe that would be too deep to start them grow- ing with a chance to destroy them this year, What is it best to do to control this weed? —

A. The tumbling mustard seed left on the ground by plants blowing over the prairies this fall and winter will probably germinate in the spring. With proper cultural methods and the sow- ing of clean seed little trouble should be experienced in controlling this weed. It is an annual and a stroke with the harrows just before secding in the spring when the first plants make their appearance, should kill nearly all the weeds. Then, if the grain gets a good start it will get ahead and crowd out any weeds which germinate later. On land which has been worked for some years and has become badly infested with mustard one good summer fallow- ing will get rid of. practically all the mustard in the fleld.

MACHINERY MISREPRESENTED

. .L bought last spring what was repre- sented to be an overhauled plowing outfit from a machinery company. There is no- ee overhauled about it. What steps can I take to obtain redress?——T. B., Sask,

A. You can sue the company for |

misrepresentation.

a So, = > ; ee a =] Py pie Ne Sle ee eee ee J

August 18, 1915 -

FRUIT BULLETIN

Niagara District: Peach Season is now open, and the favorite. Yellow St.

John about ready. Some excellent white flesh Peaches will also be in, The Plum season is now bringing in many good varieties. ‘Tomatoes also ready.

Farm Produce SHIP US

Butter, Eggs, Live Poultry, Pork, Lambs, Mutton, Beef, Veal, Hides, Wool and Potatoes—in fact ANYTHING you produce. We sell direct to consumers, can ship you in exchange Groceries of all kinds at wholesale prices, or Ontario and British Columbia Fruit.

Prompt Returns Guaranteed NEW MANAGEMENT

UNDER CONTROL OF MANITOBA GRAIN GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION AND THE MARKET GARDENERS’ ASSOCIATION.

Central Farmers’ Market Association, Limited

WINNIPEG, MAN.

SHIP YOUR LIVE POULTRY

to us. We buy direct for cash. No commission charged. Coops supplied. Get our price list.

The W. J. GUEST FISH CO. Ltd.

WINNIPEG

Live Poultry Wanted |

Old Hens (big and heavy), per Ib..... $0.12 Oid’Hens (medium), per Ib.......... 10 Roosters, per Ib. Ducks, per ibe ey a 10-12 Spring Chickens, Best Markei Prices Live weight f.o.b. Winnipeg. Crates sent on Request. of goods.

Turkeys and Geese

Money order sent back on receipt

R. BERE

39 SCHULTZ; ST., WINNIPEG

LIVE POULTRY WANTED

We guarantee to pay you prices quoted below:

Live Hens..

Roosters. . 9c f

Young Ducks sis oO uoks.. Ck eee a8 ee a ee Turkeys, Geese and Spring Chlokens oe ee ae es «. Bost Market Price These prices are for live weight f.o.b. Winnipeg, and if they are satisfactory let us hear from ‘you how many you have and we will forward crates for shipping. Prompt returns.

Golden Star Fruit & Produce Co.

91 LUSTED ST., WINNIPEG

LIVE HENS WANTED

HONS 4 va as ++. 10-410 Ducks.. .. +» 11-120 Turkeys .. . 12-130 Roosters ..

a Aiea stay tars eS Lpcerine ie OO. pony Chickens .. Best Market Price The above prices will hold good for one week, Let us know what you have to sell and we will. forward crates for

shipping. Prompt cash on receipt of shipment. Reference, Canadian Bank of Commerce.

ROYAL PRODUCE & TRADING Co. 97 Aikens Street, Winnipeg

Butter! Eggs! FARMERS! We want your butter and eggs. Markets are firmer at present and we shall be glad to have you write’ us for prices. Prompt remittance made,

Western Produce Co. 333 Willlam Ave., Winnipeg

A husky trouble chaser. Will pump water, churn, separate cream, run grindstone and do other

vhores. . Lengthen your: days by lightening your labors. Write for cata- $47. 50 aa logue. Sizes ap to 15 H.P Gilson Mia. Company, Box 971. wept. B. Winnipeg, Man

August 18, 1915

WHEN USING WILSON S

FLY PADS

‘> READ DIRECTIONS

S\ sOCAREFULLY AND S\_ FOLLOW THEM EXACTLY

Farmers !

We have AConey to Loan.

Such a heading would be very interesting to you if you had a fire and no insurance. You would need money to replace your buildings or buy more atock, but if you were a policy holder in our company you would not need to borrow money to replace your loss, your adjustment would be made promptly and liberally, and you a buy for cash and take discounts, which is the first principal of good business. We will be pleased to send you particulars of the low cost of protection.

The Saskatoon Mutual Fire

Insurance Co. Saskatoon

Live Agents Wanted in this Province

4u.P. Cushman on a Binder,

br rat Saves a Team

i The one successful may Binder Engine. At- tachments for any binder. Two horses easily pull 8-ft. binder in heavy grain, as en- EL gine drives sickle and machinery,

) i i ah) V4 r I

Cushman Binder Engines

Throttle Governed. Very f

light weight, 4H. P. only fs) b

190 Ibs., 8 H. P. only 820 ~ / \ :

lbs. Forced water cool- \

ing system prevents over-

heating. Run at any speed.

Friction Clutch Pulley. Ask

for free book,

Cushman Motor Works of Canada, Ltd.

284 Princess St., Winnlpeg

44H. P. Truck--Same Engin: eed on Binder,

Farms for Sale

Improved and Wild Lands in well settled districts in

Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta Ce: eo: Gewanne

EASY TERMS Write for Particulars to

Robinson and Black

WINNIPEG, MAN.

you from FR when farm

is slack, Other men, have done it for years with eax

f improved Powers 4 Combined Well Boring and Drilling Machine i\ Same rig bores through any soil at rate A) of 100 ft. in 10 hours, and drills through rock, One team hauls and operates

machine, Engine power if wanted. Easy to eeded.

operate—no experts ni i investments term: fists aces poner a Siar hotecsrnt teria Da etatoefte Manet Lisle Manufacturing Co. Clarinda, lowa

WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS PLEASE MENTION THE QUIDE

THE GRAIN.GROWERS’

Marketing Your Grain

Continued from Page 8.

has to take delivery it is not’ worth as much as when he bought it, he might try to evade his contract. On the other hand if anyone has sold grain for future de; livery and when delivery time comes it is worth more than when he sold it, he might naturally desire to escape mak- ing delivery. It is to guard ‘against these possibilities that there has been worked out the system of daily settle- ment of differences between buyers and sellers according to market fluctuations. This is done on the Winnipeg Exchange thru a separate organization ‘which is subsidiary to the exchange proper and to which belong practically all members of the exchange who trade. extensively in futures. It is The Winnipeg Grain and Produce Exchange Clearing Asso- ciation, commonly called the Clearing House. All members: of the Clearing House report to it daily their standing upon the market, both as buyers and as sellers, and the profit’ or loss resulting to them due to the market fluctuations. Payments are made and received’ every day with the statements, so that every- body’s standing at the close of busi- ness hours is adjusted to zero. The

Clearing House itself not only acts as intermediary receiving and making all adjusting payments, but also actually assumes ‘all purchases and sales and is

DomInion Government elevator at Halifax, N.S.

liable for delivery thereof and payment therefor. It makes a small charge for its services, the profits of which have been built up into a large fund which gives the organization substantial back- ing and financial responsibility. Since its liabilities are reduced each day to zero, it can only be responsible for the fluctuations of one day and only on the trades of defaulting members. It is very rare indeed that the Clearing House has to assume the liabilities of any of its members.

When delivery time comes, if future trades. have not been cancelled by the parties thereto, arrangement is made thru the Clearing House for delivery of the grain itself as between members. This enables the sellers to quickly place grain where it should go and thus to make enormous deliveries in a single day.

Cash Sales Basis Options

Altho a large amount of grain is de- livered on future contracts thru the Clearing House, a much greater amount is delivered direct to purchasers before delivery may be required by the terms of the contract. Thus a seller may sell a thousand bushels of grain to a buyer for delivery three months hence. He actually desires to make delivery only one month hence. When that time comes he arranges with the buyer to take delivery immediately at an agreed discount under the future and to can- cel the original contract for future de- livery. This utilizes all of the advant- ages of dealing in futures and does not in any way prejudice the fair cash value of the grain. In fact, this is the generally accepted method now used in handling all cash sales.

Continued Next Week

SOMETHING TO LEARN We have not believed that Protection ever imposed any serious burden upon agriculture in Canada—Toronto News.

GUIDE

ou Need a Silo

Every Farmer who Feeds Dairy Cows, Beef Cattle or Sheep can Save the Price of a

Good Silo Every Year by Feeding Silage Nees winter when dairy prod-

(4241) 19

ucts are bringing the best

prices and your cows are practically dry because they have only dry feed you will realize how much you need a silo.

Why not put the silo up now? You still have plenty of time and when you bear in mind that the silo will actually pay for itself be- fore the first year you can easily afford it. In fact, no man who feeds dairy cows, beef cattle or sheep can afford to be without silage.

Ask any man who is feeding silage and he will tell you his silo is one of the best investments he ever made. It cuts down his feed- ing costs, increases his profits, his stock thrive better and there is less work.

Let us have your order now foran Ideal Green Feed Silo. We can ship it promptly, and you will get it in plenty of time to have it erected and ready for filling this Fall.

Ask for prices, terms and complete information re- garding this silo. You cannot buy as good a silo for less money and no matter how much you pay you will not get a better silo than the Ideal Green Feed.

DE LAVAL DAIRY SUPPLY CO., Ltd.

LARGEST MANUFACTURERS OF DAIRY SUPPLIES IN CANADA

Sole distributors in Canada of the famous De Laval Cream Separators

and*Alpha Gas Engines. Catalogues of any of our lines mailed upon request. MONTREAL PETERBORO WINNIPEG VANCOUVER 50,000 BRANCHES AND LOCAL AGENCIES THE WORLD OVER

I iia TO DEAT

{hatin ine il

for an economical threshing and for safe grain storage, you need a thoroughly good Portable Granary

we “Eastlake” labor Portable = money

Corrugated Steel Granary

meets every requirement of the Western Grain Grower.

Norman N, Ferguson, of Abernethy, Sask., says: “Tt have the ‘Eastlake’ set up. It went together fine, It is a dandy piece of

workmanship, Note these many excellent features : Filled from any side, Two unloading Chutes with pad-locked cut-offs, Two Pressed Steel Doors. _Machine-made throughout. _Inter- changeable and removable side and roof sections. No cast-iron used anywhere.

Not expensive. Write for complete: 82 illustrated circular,

Saves Saves

= #7 Wire, of all kinds of Shect Metal Building Materials

797 Notre Dame Avenue . « - WINNIPEG THE METALLIC ROOFING CO. LTD., WINNIPEG. Tel. Garry 1460-1454

This complete draught for heavy teaming includes clip or ...., hook hames, hame straps, wide leather plow pads, belly bands and billets, and the Griffith Giant Rope Trace. ($12.00 west of Fort William.) Giant Rope Traces alone, complete with malleable ends and

00 electric-weld heel chains at $4 a set! Man, you couldn’t

bd repair an old set for that price. Leather traces would

cost four times as much. ($4.50 west of Fort William.)

Griffith's kore Lrace

Sce them at your dealer’s or write us. Mention this paper and we will send you an interesting booklet of harness specialties.

WHEN BUYING YEAST INSIST ON HAVING THIS PACKAGE

pe'tny g ORONTO 1 ON arREAl

’ at vy att MALEETEEEE BAM

DECLINE SUBSTITUTES

Get a Farm of Your Own TAKE 20 YEARS TO PAY

if you wish, The land will support you and pay for itself. An immense area of the most fertile land: in Western Canada for sale at low prices and cay. terms, ranging from $11 to $30 for farm lands with ample

rainfall—irrigated lands from $35. Terms /--One-twentieth down, balance within twenty years. In irrigation districts, loan

for farm buildings, etc., up to $2,000, also repayable in twenty years—interest only 6 per cent. Here is your opportunity to in- crease your farm holdings by getting ad- joining land, or secure your friends as neighbors. For literature and particulars apply to F. W. RUSSELL, Land Agent Desk 60, Dept. of Natural Resources C.P.R. WINNIPEG, MAN.

RIDER AGENTS-WANTED

everywhere to ride and exhibit a sample 9x5 H. Bicycle, with all latest improveuiente yalop 2, We ship on approval to H tees \) any addressin Canada, without any deposit,and allow10 DAYS’ TRIAL. It will not cost you one cent if not satisfied after using bicycle x0 days. DO NOT BUY 4-70; 20% 4 of tives, lamp, or sundries at anz price until you get our latest rors illustrated catalogue and learn all about our special propo- sition. The low prices: will astonish you. ONE GENT®® all it will cost to write us a postal, and catalogue with full particulars will besentto you Free,Postpaid,

byreturnmail. Do not wait rite it mOw,

/ HYSLOP BROTHERS, Limited Dept: 19 TORONTO, Canada

ACME LANTERN NOW $909

EN &\

}

\ My

wai |! Ky wale Lod H a.

6 ( smoke, no smell, no dirt, no danger. an be upset even when lit without spilling the gasoline or breaking a mantle. The light will go out if acci- dentally dropped. Safe in any position. Uses no chimney or : glassware, but an unbreak-

3 able mica chimney. Genera-

¢ tor can be removed with the sepa fingers. For sale at your Wrasse Jocal dealers. Full, susrad | Ne teed to give satisfaction or i | money inded. Address all

Un of) correspondence Dept. A.L. 2. CT

LIGHTING SYSTEMS LTD. WINMIPEG

sl |

AMERICAN CREAM

SEPARATOR

# SOLW PROPOSITION, to send fully guaranteed, ot tin espe ope poral skimming Espa St nan est making heavy or light cream. ABSOLUTELY ON APPROVAL The bowl! is a sanitary marvel, easily tleaned, Ditferent from this picture, hich piggy our large capacity * ¥ ments made prompt PY trom WINNIPEG, MAN, “TORONTO, ONT., and ST. SOHN, N, Bb. Whether your ig large or small, write for our handsome free catalog. Address:

AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO. Box 3210 Bainbridge, N. Y.

THE ote a ERS | Canada Club

BY DIXIE PATTON

Young

WHAT WILD FOLK LIVE BEST?

Of the wild things, insects, birds or animals, that live in your district which have the easiest life? That is, which have the best way-of hiding, the quickest and simplest method of porting their food, and the most comfortable homes?

Now there’s such a very hard question .

for you that I am going to make a con- test of it and give prizes for the three best letters answering this question, but they must be good letters you know, not dull stupid reading, which they might very ‘wall be under the circumstances.

I have a feeling some way that the boys will be prize winners in this contest, and that reminds me that I almost forgot to say that the prizes will, as usual, be story books, unless some prize winner would prefer a nature book instead. :

The old rules of contests apply to this one, that all the writers must be under seventeen years of age, must get the teacher or a parent to certify that the work is original and the age given correct. Letters must be written in pen and ink and on only one side of the paper, and they must all reach this office not later than September 20. Care must_ be taken to address them clearly to Dixie Patton, Grain Growers’ Guide, Winnipeg, Man. Having won one or more prizes does not disqualify anyone from trying again. DIXIE PATTON.

A LONELY GIRL

I would like to go thru high school and get well educated and then either be a stenographer or else a telephone operator. Then when I got some money I would go for a trip. to Ontario to my grand- mother’s and then go to St. Anns if my great-grandmother lives till then, which I don’t. expect. Then I might go to California and to England, which I love best next to Ontario. ; :

Well, then, I would like to live with grandmother and have chickens, geese, turkeys and a garden.

again. Then, as they would be getting old, I would likely stay at home again for a while. Iam not thinking of older life just now, as my poor little brother,

aged ten, died on February 23.

I would like someone to write me a

letter, as I feel very lonely. I am twelve years old. ALICE STEWART.

TO KEEP A STORE.

It is hard to think what trade is best to do. I think the best trade is to keep a store and that’s what I want to do when I am grown up. Not because there are some candies and all sorts of things, but because. I would not have to travel far for groceries and I would never get too poor. If I ever get rich I would give some. of the groceries away for' presents to the poor people and help them out. That would be a good thing for the poor people then. Then I would go to the lumber-man and ask for some lumber. Then I would build the store larger and higher so that if anyone came in they might not be able to find me quickly. That is the best trade I can think of.

FRANK. REJC, Age 11. Skipton, Sask. .

AN, ORPHAN HOME

The}placeZwhere I want. to live is in California. When I get big I want to be very rich and have a large house built. to bring up little orphan children. In my house I am going to have eleven rooms. I am going to have a parlor, a library, dining-room, kitchen, bath-room, a bed-room for myself and three bed- rooms for the little orphan children. I would ‘also have ‘a spare bed-room and an attic for the orphan children to: play in. In my parlor I am going. to have a piano, & parlor table, with nice house aes on it, and nice chairs. In my ibrary I.am going to have a-library set and a bookease with all kinds. of books in it. In my dining-room I am going to have a buffet and a large dining table and chairs. In my kitchen I am going

_I1 see.

GUIDE

“to have a large range stove and a kitchen

cabinet. and some chairs. In my _ bed-

rooms I am going to have a wash-stand :

in each room and a dresser. to have the attic fixed u room for the orphan. children.

I am going for a play IT am

rooms and in the parlor and library and dining-room and linoleum on the kitchen floor. I am going to have a basement and furnace to heat all the rooms. I am going to have a laundry in the base- ment. I am going to have hot’ and cold water in the kitchen, bath-room and laundry. Iam going to have a nice lawn and nice flower beds, with all kinds of nice flowers in them, an orchard with all kinds of fruits in it, and a vegetable garden with all kinds of vegetables in it. I am going to teach the children’ to take care of the flower ' garden, vegetable garden and the orchard. I will’send the children to school and teach them to be good. © And when they are old enough to take care of themselves, ‘they can go and work for their own living. :

8. L. E., Age 11 years.

ON THE FARM

I live on the farm with my parents and brother. I would wish to live with them and go to school till I am about nineteen or twenty. Then I would be willing to stay at home and help my. parents, or, if I had to go out to work, I would like to work on a farm till Tam about twenty-three; then, if I should get married I would like to live on a farm in a district that is well settled and be able to help others in social affairs, I would like to travel occasionally and have a comfortable home and a barn. I would like to have a team of drivers, some geese and chickens, two or three good milk cows to..callsmy own, and a, nice pocket book, and. I hope there would be a church, so. that: T could go. Inithe long winter months I would like to be able to go to a concert or dance. or any other social affair “and to “be; nea, so as to be able. to skate % nh

FRANCES M. SHURY, Age 13. Drummond'Creek P.O., Battleford, Sask. me :

LOTS OF COMPANY | When I am grown up I would ‘like to be a teacher or a, stenographer, and every month, after being paid, I would

' give so much of it to. the home for orphans

and: to the’ poor.”

I would like to have'a ten-roomed house, five rooms. down stairs’ and five ‘up. «I would like to have a nice veranda, lawn and trees:: I. would have''the 'vegétables at the back and the flower garden at the front. I would want to build near a river or lake, so I could give boatin and garden parties. In: winter I ‘coul give skating ‘parties. We would have pleasure in summer or winter and it would ‘help pass the time away. :

I would like to have lots of room, so I could have company in summer or winter. We, could, go.:forva ride-in the cutter or sleigh with all our friends. In the summer we could ride in the buggy or democrat and ride on horseback.

J am very. fond of travelling and would go to the United States first, then to We eae Spain, France, Italy, Holland and Belgium. «3 0 i300 ; EVA .STADY, Age 12.

; AN ENGINEER This is my first try, at story writing and I hope to see it in. print. First I

want a good education,.then I. would |

like to be. an engineer on.a train. I would like to have a small engine to run a feed chopper. I just love to be making all kinds of things,